Q Bank Stuff Flashcards
ADR
American Depository Receipt
-Give your money to a bank
-they invest that in foreign Securities
-Your money never technically leaves US Soil
HAS CURRENCY RISK
Facilitates Domestic Trading of Foreign Securities
Can Be Redeemed for the actual shares of Foreign Stock
ADS
American Depository Shares
—another word for ADR’s—
How much $ needs to be paid to Preferred Stock holders Before the Company can Pay Dividend to Common Stock Holders
All Dividends due to preferred Stock Holders for THAT YEAR.
As well as any Dividends due to Cumulative preferred Stock Holders that were missed in past years
Rules for qualifying as an Affiliate for relatives
Must be a direct relative and LIVE WITH the Affiliate
% ownership of company is the affiliate and all direct relatives % ownership combined
IE:
Husband 5% ownership
Wife 6% ownership
Means they are both affiliates becasue combined they have 11% ownership of company
Do Preferred Stock Holders get to receive Pre-Emptive Rights?
NO
Record Date
The Date you must be be shown as an owner on companies records
in order to participate in a specific vote or a specific dividends
Payment Date
The day on Which a Declared Dividend is paid to all stockholders
(must be marked as an owner by the record date in order to be paid on the payment date)
Employee Stock Options
Options Awarded usually to employees of a company to purchase their companies stock at a specific price and time
2 Types:
NSO - Non-Qualified Stock Option
ISO - Incentive Stock Option (Qualified Stock Option)
CMV - Strike Price(Excercise Price) = Employees Profit
NSO
Non-Qualified Stock Option
Most Common Employee Stock Option
Can be given to people other than employees IE: Board Memebers
CMV - Bargin Price => Profit
Profit is reported as wages for tax purposes (taxed as Ordinary Income)
ISO
Incentive Stock Option
Only given to Employees
CMV - Bargin Price => Profit
Profit is Reported as Either Long or Short Term Capital Gains
If Stock is Held for
2+ years from being given the ISO
and
1+ years from being exercised into Stock
= Long-term Capital Gain
if Less than that
= Taxed as Ordinary Income
MAX 10 YEARS UNTIL EXERCISED
Rule 144 Holding Period applies to what type of stock
Only Stock that was acquired through an unregistered means
(the stock was unregistered when the person acquired it)
Means they have to wait the 6 month waiting period before reselling it
Rule 144 Liquidation requirements apply to what type of stock
Stock acquired by an affiliate
Doesn’t matter if it was registered or unregistered stock when they got it
(But if registered they won’t have to wait the 6 month holding period but still have to follow the liquidation requirements)
Capital Risk
The Risk of Losing Capital
(What you initially spent to get that security)
Common stock has a greater capital risk than
Preferred Stock
Bond
because it has a lower claim if the company goes under
Deals with the losses you might incure on your Principle investment (the actual money you put down) NOT the Intrest you might receive (IE: bond coupon rates fluctuating)
THINK PRINCIPLE
NOT INTREST
The Indenture
the contract that sets forth the rules and promises of the Issuer of a bond
Eurodollars
American $ held in International Bank
especially ones in Europe
Difference Between a Dividend and a Stock Dividend
Dividend - pays money to Shareholder
Stock Dividend - pays stock to Shareholder
What’s the process of calculating the cost basis after a Stock Dividend has been paid
Find the value of the shareholders position
(This will not change after a stock dividend)
before the stock dividend:
Number of shares Owned x Price of Stock = Value of Position
After the Stock Dividend:
Value of Position / NEW # of shares owned = Cost Basis
Ex-Date
the first day a shareholder is not entitled to a specific Dividend
Should You Assume Riets are Listed or Unlisted
LISTED unless they specify its not
Are 12b-1 Fee’s high or low on A B and C Funds
A - Low or None
B - High
C - High
what effect does Redemptions and Purchase’s have on NAV of a Fund
NO EFFECT
Special Situtation Fund
Type of Mutual Fund
VERY RISKY
Not good for income or retirement
How to View Private Equity Funds
Think Private Sector
Invests in private (non public) companies
(they also do public but can focus on private aswell)
Avoid being an Investment Company because they are more private in who can be apart of it
(100 people or under within the fund)
NAV Calculation Formula
(Portfolio Assets - Portfolio Liabilities) / # of shares outstanding
Management Fee’s
and
Portfolio Debts
Both count toward portfolio Liabilities
Difference Between
Fixed Portfolio
and
Fixed Security
Fixed Portfolio - the portfolio cannot change its holdings
(Probably a UIT)
Fixed Security - securities Like Bonds, Money Market, Etc…
12B-1 Fee’s Must be approved by
Board of Directors
AND
Shareholders
Both also have to create and approve a
WRITTEN Distribution Plan
Do Changes in Interest Rate Affect Long Or Short Term Debt Security Prices More
LONG TERM DEBT PRICES
Asset Allocation Fund
A mutual fund whose portfolio managers have the flexibility to allocate between different investment classes
A Straddle
Betting on whether the market will move a lot or stay the same (ignoring if it moves up or down)
Buying a Call and a Put in the same security
Buyer - Wants Volatility (Lots of movement in the market)
Seller - Wants Stability (Little movement in the market)
When asked Future and forwards questions that want you to decide if someone should buy or sell a forwards/ Futures contract,
What’s the process?
1) Determine if the person is a producer or buyer of the commodity
Producers - Worried about price going down - Sell’s contract
Buyers - Worried about prices going up - Buy’s the Contract
Difference Between European and American Style Option
American - Option can be exercised @ any time during the contract
European - Option can only be exercised @ Expiration Date
HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH GEOGRAPHY
Do Futures contracts have the buyer and seller exchanging the commodity at expiration?
No
there is NOT an actual exchange of the commodity for FUTURE’s contracts at expiration
BUT they must settle the contract (they took a bet and the looser needs to pay the winner)
therefore they both have an obligation
Do Buyers and Sellers have an obligation for Options, Futures and Forwards?
Options - Seller Only
(the seller is obligated to either buy or sell the security)
Futures and Forwards - Both Buyer and Seller
(the buyer is obligated to pay $ and the seller is obligated to exchange the commodity)
A very good Security for Funding College Education Is
Zero-Coupon Bonds
Because you know exactly what the growth will be
Definition of Antipodal
In opposition to
What Relationships work toward breakpoints
Family - Spouses and Kids
Incorporated/ Affiliated Entities
(includes qualified retirement funds)
NOT
friends
investment clubs
Are Hedge Funds Loosly or Heavily Regulated
Heavily Regulated
How do Convertible Securities Tend to sell in comparison to normal ones?
At a Slight Premium
Means you would expect their price to be a little above their parity price
When are Employee Stock Options Taxed
When the sale of the security happens
(not when the option is exercised)
(but ISO’s can sometimes have the profit on exercise be counted toward the AMT)
Important
RIET’s
%’s
75% - Assets must be invested in Real Estate cash and Government Securities
75% - AGI must be from Real Estate Related Assets and Intrest
90% - Taxable Income must be paid to investors as dividends
Class C shares usually have what type of Sales Charge
1% CDSC that goes away if held for at least 1 year
Options Clearing Company
Issues Standardized Equity Options
Structured Products
Funky “One of a Kind” Investments
Extremely Illiquid
Extremely Low Transparency
Unsecured Obligations
Very Low Interest Rate
Draw the Yield Curve
Draw it
Draw the Inverted Yield Curve
Draw it
What is Inverted Yield Curve caused By
Investors
Buying Long-term Bonds
and
Selling Short-term Bonds
Is an inverted yield curve usually Good or Bad
BAD
its a precursor for Recession
Yield Spreads
The Price Difference Between
Quality Debt Instruments
and
Lower Rating Debt Instruments
High Yield Spreads means
Risky Market Conditions
(the price of lower-rated bonds is low because everyone wants the safe stuff)
Low Yield Spreads means
Safe Market Conditions
(the price of lower-rated bonds is closer to that of Quality bonds because everyone feels its not that risky)
The Process of Creating a New US annual operating budget
Steps:
1) President submits a proposal to Congress
2) Congress creates an approved version of the proposal
3) President Signs the Approved Proposal
Do Preferred Stock Holders Get Voting Rights
No
they also DONT get Pre-emptive rights
CPI
Average Cost of Goods and Services (Market Basket) Compared to those same goods and services purchased during a base period
(a basket of what an average American buys)
Measures Inflation
Doesnt compare 1 country to another
Does CPI measure Retail or Wholesale prices
RETAIL
Core CPI
CPI excluding
-Energy
-Food
Many Economists believe it’s better at tracking Inflation
(because food and energy prices are too volatile)
GDP
Measure of all the production a country has in $
Constant Dollars
Used to remove Inflation from the equation
(most accurate way to measure GDP)
What is Gold good and Bad For
Good - Inflationary Times
Bad - Deflationary Times
Strengthening the Dollar Means
The Dollar is Worth More
Weakening the Dollar Means
The Dollar is Worth Less
When Hearing:
-Credit
-Debit
Think What?
Credit -Money Going In
Debit -Money Going Out
Don’t think credit card
think “I’ve got to give you credit”
Inertial Inflation
Prices are steadily Increasing
UNTIL
a large economic shock that changes that
Yield Curves Most Often Chart out which securities?
Treasury Securities
But
some yield curves use corporate bonds aswell
The Usual Change In Interest Rates That’s Associated With:
-Expansion
-Contraction
-Trough
-Peak
-Expansion - Rising Intrest Rates
-Contraction - Falling Intrest Rates
-Trough - Bottomed Out Intrest Rates
-Peak - Peaking Interest Rates
(they follow the business cycle up and down)
Advisor is told
Insider Information
By Client
What should Advisor do
Tell their Supervisor
(there is not requirement to tell the State Admin)
Penalty for Insider Information
3X the persons gain or avoided Loss from the use of that info
and 20 years Imprisonment
What is Fraud
-Saying something False
OR
-Not saying something True (that you should have)
OR
-Not following clients instructions ON PURPOSE
How Many Of Each Indicator:
Leading
Coincident
Lagging
Leading - 10
Coincident - 4
Lagging - 7
List all 10
Leading Indicators
1 - Money Supply
2 - Building Permits (Housing starts)
3 - Initial Claims for Unemployment
4 - hours, of manufacturing
5 - Manufactures new Orders - Consumer Goods
6 - Manufactures new Order - Nondefensive capital goods
7 - Index of supplier deliveries - vendor performance
8 - Interest rate spread - from 10 yr treasury bonds to Federal Funds Rate
9 - Stock Prices
10 - Consumer Expectations
List all 4
Coincident Indicators
1 - Non-Agricultural Employment
2 - Personal income (minus SS, veteran benefits, and welfare payments)
3 - Industrial Production
4 - Manufacturing and Trade Sales in Constant Dollars