Python: Basic Syntax Flashcards
What is the correct syntax to print “Hello World!” in Python?
A. echo “Hello World!”
B. printf(“Hello World!”)
C. print(“Hello World!”)
D. System.out.println(“Hello World!”)
B. printf(“Hello World!”)
Explanation: The print() function is used to output text in Python. The correct syntax to print “Hello World!” is print(“Hello World!”).
What will print(a[1]) output if a = “Hello, World!”?
A. H
B. e
C. l
D. o
B. e
Explanation: In Python, string indexing starts at 0. Therefore, a[1] refers to the second character in the string “Hello, World!”, which is “e”.
What does print(len(a)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?
A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
C. 13
Explanation: The len() function returns the length of a string. The string “Hello, World!” has 13 characters, including spaces and punctuation.
What does print(“free” in txt) output if txt = “The best things in life are free!”?
A. True
B. False
C. None
D. Error
A. True
Explanation: The in operator checks if a substring exists within a string. Since “free” is present in the string txt, the output is True.
What will print(b[2:5]) output if b = “Hello, World!”?
A. Hel
B. llo
C. lo,
D. o,
B. llo
Explanation: String slicing b[2:5] extracts characters from index 2 to 4 (inclusive of 2, exclusive of 5). Therefore, it outputs “llo”.
What does print(a.upper()) output if a = “Hello, World!”?
A. hello, world!
B. HELLO, WORLD!
C. Hello, World!
D. hELLO, wORLD!
B. HELLO, WORLD!
Explanation: The upper() method converts all characters in a string to uppercase. Therefore, a.upper() outputs “HELLO, WORLD!”.
What does print(a.replace(“H”, “J”)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?
A. Jello, World!
B. Hello, World!
C. Jello, world!
D. Jello, world!
A. Jello, World!
Explanation: The replace() method replaces all occurrences of the specified substring with another substring. Therefore, a.replace(“H”, “J”) outputs “Jello, World!”.
What does print(a.split(“,”)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?
A. [‘Hello World!’]
B. [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’]
C. [‘Hello’, ‘World!’]
D. [‘Hello’, ‘World’]
B. [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’]
Explanation: The split() method splits a string into a list using the specified delimiter. Therefore, a.split(“,”) outputs [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’].
What does print(a + s + d) output if a = “Papasa”, s = “ba”, and d = “ako?”?
A. Papasa ba ako?
B. Papasabaako?
C. Papasa baako?
D. Papasa ba ako
B. Papasabaako?
Explanation: The + operator concatenates strings without adding spaces. Therefore, a + s + d outputs “Papasabaako?”.
What does print(a + s + d) output if a = 1, s = 2, and d = 3?
A. 123
B. 6
C. 5
D. Error
B. 6
Explanation: The + operator adds numeric values. Therefore, a + s + d outputs 6.
What does print(a + s) output if a = “Okay na to” and s = 5?
A. Okay na to5
B. Okay na to 5
C. Error
D. TypeError
D. TypeError
Explanation: Concatenating a string with an integer using + results in a TypeError. Therefore, print(a + s) outputs a TypeError.
What does print(x) output if x = 3?
A. 3
B. x
C. Error
D. None
A. 3
Explanation: The variable x is assigned the value 3. Therefore, print(x) outputs 3.
What is the data type of c if c = float(5)?
A. int
B. float
C. str
D. bool
B. float
Explanation: The float() function converts the integer 5 to a floating-point number. Therefore, c is of type float.
Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?
A. 1variable
B. variable_1
C. variable-1
D. variable 1
Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?
Explanation: Variable names must start with a letter or underscore and can only contain alphanumeric characters and underscores. Therefore, variable_1 is valid.
What does print(“Python is “ + x) output if x = “awesome” and global x is set to “fantastic” in a function?
A. Python is awesome
B. Python is fantastic
C. Python is None
D. Error
B. Python is fantastic
Explanation: The global keyword allows the variable x to be modified globally within the function. Therefore, print(“Python is “ + x) outputs “Python is fantastic”.
What is the data type of z if z = 4j?
A. int
B. float
C. complex
D. str
C. complex
Explanation: The value 4j represents a complex number in Python. Therefore, z is of type complex.
What does print(random.randrange(1, 10)) output?
A. A fixed number between 1 and 10
B. A random number between 1 and 9
C. A random number between 1 and 10
D. Error
B. A random number between 1 and 9
Explanation: The randrange() function from the random module generates a random number between the specified range, inclusive of the start and exclusive of the end. Therefore, it outputs a random number between 1 and 9.
What does print(10 > 9) output?
A. True
B. False
C. None
D. Error
A. True
Explanation: The comparison operator > checks if 10 is greater than 9. Since this condition is true, the output is True.
What does print(not(x < 5 and x < 10)) output if x = 3?
A. False
B. True
C. None
D. Error
A. False
Explanation: The not operator reverses the result of the expression. Since x < 5 and x < 10 is True, not(True) is False.
What does x & y do in Python?
A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
C. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
D. Inverts all the bits
A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
Explanation: The bitwise AND operator & sets each bit to 1 if both corresponding bits are 1. Otherwise, it sets the bit to 0.
What does x | y do in Python?
A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
C. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
D. Inverts all the bits
B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
Explanation: The bitwise OR operator | sets each bit to 1 if one of the two corresponding bits is 1. If both bits are 0, it sets the bit to 0.
What does x ^ y do in Python?
A. Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
C. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
D. Inverts all the bits
A. Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
Explanation: The bitwise XOR operator ^ sets each bit to 1 if only one of the two corresponding bits is 1. If both bits are the same, it sets the bit to 0.
What does ~x do in Python?
A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
C. Inverts all the bits
D. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
C. Inverts all the bits
Explanation: The bitwise NOT operator ~ inverts all the bits of the operand, changing 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s.
What does x «_space;2 do in Python?
A. Shifts bits to the right
B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right
C. Inverts all the bits
D. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right
Explanation: The bitwise left shift operator «_space;shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right, letting the leftmost bits fall off.
What does x»_space; 2 do in Python?
A. Shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left
B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right
C. Inverts all the bits
D. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
A. Shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left
Explanation: The bitwise right shift operator»_space; shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, letting the rightmost bits fall off.
What does x and y do in Python?
A. Returns True if both statements are true
B. Returns True if one of the statements is true
C. Returns False if both statements are true
D. Returns False if one of the statements is true
A. Returns True if both statements are true
Explanation: The logical AND operator and returns True if both statements are true. If either statement is false, it returns False.
What does x or y do in Python?
A. Returns True if both statements are true
B. Returns True if one of the statements is true
C. Returns False if both statements are true
D. Returns False if one of the statements is true
B. Returns True if one of the statements is true
Explanation: The logical OR operator or returns True if at least one of the statements is true. If both statements are false, it returns False.
What does not(x < 5 and x < 10) do in Python?
A. Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true
B. Returns True if both statements are true
C. Returns True if one of the statements is true
D. Returns False if one of the statements is true
A. Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true
Explanation: The logical NOT operator not reverses the result of the expression. If the expression is true, it returns False, and vice versa.
What does x in y do in Python?
A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
B. Returns True if both variables are the same object
C. Returns True if both variables are not the same object
D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object
A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
Explanation: The membership operator in returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object.
What does x not in y do in Python?
A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
B. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object
C. Returns True if both variables are the same object
D. Returns True if both variables are not the same object
B. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object
Explanation: The membership operator not in returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object.
What does x is y do in Python?
A. Returns True if both variables are the same object
B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object
C. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object
A. Returns True if both variables are the same object
Explanation: The identity operator is returns True if both variables refer to the same object.
hat does x is not y do in Python?
A. Returns True if both variables are the same object
B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object
C. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object
D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object
B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object
Explanation: The identity operator is not returns True if both variables do not refer to the same object.
What does x == y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
Explanation: The comparison operator == returns True if x is equal to y.
What does x != y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
Explanation: The comparison operator != returns True if x is not equal to y.
What does x > y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
Explanation: The comparison operator > returns True if x is greater than y.
What does x < y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
Explanation: The comparison operator < returns True if x is less than y.
What does x >= y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than or equal to y
D. Returns True if x is less than y
C. Returns True if x is greater than or equal to y
Explanation: The comparison operator >= returns True if x is greater than or equal to y.
What does x <= y do in Python?
A. Returns True if x is equal to y
B. Returns True if x is not equal to y
C. Returns True if x is greater than y
D. Returns True if x is less than or equal to y
D. Returns True if x is less than or equal to y
Explanation: The comparison operator <= returns True if x is less than or equal to y.
What does the following code output?
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
A. a is greater than b
B. b is greater than a
C. a and b are equal
D. Error
B. b is greater than a
Explanation: The if statement checks if b is greater than a. Since b (200) is greater than a (33), the output is “b is greater than a”.
What does the following code output?
a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
A. b is greater than a
B. a and b are equal
C. a is greater than b
D. Error
B. a and b are equal
Explanation: The elif statement checks if a is equal to b. Since a (33) is equal to b (33), the output is “a and b are equal”.
What does the following code output?
a = 200
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
A. b is greater than a
B. a and b are equal
C. a is greater than b
D. Error
C. a is greater than b
Explanation: The else statement executes if none of the previous conditions are true. Since a (200) is greater than b (33), the output is “a is greater than b”.
What does the following code output?
x = 41
if x > 10:
print("Above ten,")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
else:
print("but not above 20.")
A. Above ten,
B. Above ten, but not above 20.
C. Above ten, and also above 20!
D. Error
C. Above ten, and also above 20!
Explanation: The nested if statement checks if x is greater than 20. Since x (41) is greater than 20, the output is “Above ten, and also above 20!”.
What does the following code output?
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
A. 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. 1 2 3 4 5
C. 0 1 2 3 4 5
D. Error
B. 1 2 3 4 5
Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. It prints the value of i and then increments i by 1. The output is “1 2 3 4 5”.
What does the following code output?
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
A. 1 2 3 4 5
B. 1 2 3
C. 1 2 3 4
D. Error
B. 1 2 3
Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. When i equals 3, the break statement terminates the loop. The output is “1 2 3”.
What does the following code output?
i = 0
while i < 6:
i += 1
if i == 3:
continue
print(i)
A. 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. 1 2 3 4 5
C. 1 2 4 5 6
D. Error
C. 1 2 4 5 6
Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. When i equals 3, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so 3 is not printed. The output is “1 2 4 5 6”.
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
A. apple banana
B. banana cherry
C. apple banana cherry
D. Error
C. apple banana cherry
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits and prints each element. The output is “apple banana cherry”.
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x)
if x == "banana":
break
A. apple banana cherry
B. apple banana
C. apple
D. Error
B. apple banana
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the break statement terminates the loop. The output is “apple banana”.
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)
A. apple banana cherry
B. apple cherry
C. banana cherry
D. Error
B. apple cherry
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
for x in range(6):
print(x)
A. 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
C. 0 1 2 3 4 5
D. 1 2 3 4 5
C. 0 1 2 3 4 5
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
for x in range(2, 6):
print(x)
A. 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. 0 1 2 3 4 5
C. 2 3 4 5
D. 2 3 4 5 6
C. 2 3 4 5
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
for x in range(2, 30, 3):
print(x)
A. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
B. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
C. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
D. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
B. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
for x in range(6):
print(x)
else:
print("Finally finished!")
A. 0 1 2 3 4 5
B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Finally finished!
C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Finally finished!
D. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Finally finished!
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")
my_function()
A. Hello from a function
B. Hello from a function
C. Error
D. None
B. Hello from a function
Explanation: The my_function() function is defined to print “Hello from a function”. Calling my_function() executes the function, resulting in the output “Hello from a function”.
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
def my_function(fname):
print(fname + " Refsnes")
my_function("Emil")
my_function("Tobias")
my_function("Linus")
A. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes
B. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes
C. Emil Tobias Linus
D. Error
B. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes
Explanation: The my_function(fname) function takes a parameter fname and prints it concatenated with “ Refsnes”. Calling my_function() with different arguments results in the output “Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes”.
Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals “banana”, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so “banana” is not printed. The output is “apple cherry”.
What does the following code output?
def my_function(x):
return 5 * x
print(my_function(3))
print(my_function(5))
print(my_function(9))
A. 3 5 9
B. 15 25 45
C. 15 25 45
D. Error
C. 15 25 45
Explanation: The my_function(x) function multiplies the input x by 5 and returns the result. The print() statements output the results of my_function(3), my_function(5), and my_function(9), which are 15, 25, and 45, respectively.
What does the following code output?
def my_function(country = "Norway"):
print("I am from " + country)
my_function("Sweden")
my_function("India")
my_function()
my_function("Brazil")
A. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil
B. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil
C. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway
D. Error
B. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil
Explanation: The my_function(country) function has a default parameter value of “Norway”. If no argument is provided, it uses the default value. The print() statements output the results of my_function(“Sweden”), my_function(“India”), my_function(), and my_function(“Brazil”), which are “I am from Sweden”, “I am from India”, “I am from Norway”, and “I am from Brazil”, respectively.
What does the following code output?
def my_function(child3, child2, child1):
print("The youngest child is " + child3)
my_function(child1 = "Emil", child2 = "Tobias", child3 = "Linus")
A. The youngest child is Emil
B. The youngest child is Tobias
C. The youngest child is Linus
D. Error
C. The youngest child is Linus
xplanation: The my_function(child3, child2, child1) function accepts keyword arguments. The print() statement outputs the value of child3, which is “Linus”. Therefore, the output is “The youngest child is Linus”.
What does the following code output?
def my_function(**kid):
print("His last name is " + kid["lname"])
my_function(fname = "Tobias", lname = "Refsnes")
A. His last name is Tobias
B. His last name is Refsnes
C. His last name is Emil
D. Error
B. His last name is Refsnes
Explanation: The my_function(kid) function accepts arbitrary keyword arguments and treats them as a dictionary. The print() statement outputs the value of the “lname” key, which is “Refsnes”. Therefore, the output is “His last name is Refsnes”.
What does the following code output?
x = lambda a : a + 10 print(x(5))
A. 5
B. 15
C. 10
D. Error
B. 15
Explanation: The lambda function lambda a : a + 10 adds 10 to the input a. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 15.
What does the following code output?
x = lambda a, b : a * b print(x(5, 6))
A. 11
B. 30
C. 30
D. Error
C. 30
Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b : a * b multiplies the inputs a and b. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5, 6), which is 30.
What does the following code output?
x = lambda a, b=2 : a * b print(x(5))
A. 10
B. 10
C. 5
D. Error
B. 10
Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b=2 : a * b multiplies the input a by the default value of b, which is 2. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 10.
What does the following code output?
x = lambda a, b=2, c=3 : a * b * c print(x(5))
A. 30
B. 30
C. 10
D. Error
B. 30
Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b=2, c=3 : a * b * c multiplies the input a by the default values of b and c, which are 2 and 3, respectively. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 30.
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x for x in fruits if "a" in x] print(newlist)
A. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’]
B. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘mango’]
C. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]
D. Error
B. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘mango’]
xplanation: The list comprehension [x for x in fruits if “a” in x] creates a new list containing only the fruits that have the letter “a” in them. The print() statement outputs [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘mango’].
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x for x in fruits if x != "apple"] print(newlist)
A. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’]
B. [‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’]
C. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]
D. Error
B. [‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’]
Explanation: The list comprehension [x for x in fruits if x != “apple”] creates a new list containing all the fruits except “apple”. The print() statement outputs [‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’].
What does the following code output?
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x.upper() for x in fruits] print(newlist)
A. [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘kiwi’, ‘mango’]
B. [‘APPLE’, ‘BANANA’, ‘CHERRY’, ‘KIWI’, ‘MANGO’]
C. [‘Apple’, ‘Banana’, ‘Cherry’, ‘Kiwi’, ‘Mango’]
D. Error
B. [‘APPLE’, ‘BANANA’, ‘CHERRY’, ‘KIWI’, ‘MANGO’]
Explanation: The list comprehension [x.upper() for x in fruits] creates a new list containing all the fruits in uppercase.
