Python: Basic Syntax

Question 1

What is the correct syntax to print “Hello World!” in Python?

A. echo “Hello World!”
B. printf(“Hello World!”)
C. print(“Hello World!”)
D. System.out.println(“Hello World!”)

Answer 1

B. printf(“Hello World!”)

Explanation: The print() function is used to output text in Python. The correct syntax to print “Hello World!” is print(“Hello World!”).

Question 2

What will print(a[1]) output if a = “Hello, World!”?

A. H
B. e
C. l
D. o

Answer 2

B. e

Explanation: In Python, string indexing starts at 0. Therefore, a[1] refers to the second character in the string “Hello, World!”, which is “e”.

Question 3

What does print(len(a)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?

A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14

Answer 3

C. 13

Explanation: The len() function returns the length of a string. The string “Hello, World!” has 13 characters, including spaces and punctuation.

Question 4

What does print(“free” in txt) output if txt = “The best things in life are free!”?

A. True
B. False
C. None
D. Error

Answer 4

A. True

Explanation: The in operator checks if a substring exists within a string. Since “free” is present in the string txt, the output is True.

Question 5

What will print(b[2:5]) output if b = “Hello, World!”?

A. Hel
B. llo
C. lo,
D. o,

Answer 5

B. llo

Explanation: String slicing b[2:5] extracts characters from index 2 to 4 (inclusive of 2, exclusive of 5). Therefore, it outputs “llo”.

Question 6

What does print(a.upper()) output if a = “Hello, World!”?

A. hello, world!
B. HELLO, WORLD!
C. Hello, World!
D. hELLO, wORLD!

Answer 6

B. HELLO, WORLD!

Explanation: The upper() method converts all characters in a string to uppercase. Therefore, a.upper() outputs “HELLO, WORLD!”.

Question 7

What does print(a.replace(“H”, “J”)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?

A. Jello, World!
B. Hello, World!
C. Jello, world!
D. Jello, world!

Answer 7

A. Jello, World!

Explanation: The replace() method replaces all occurrences of the specified substring with another substring. Therefore, a.replace(“H”, “J”) outputs “Jello, World!”.

Question 8

What does print(a.split(“,”)) output if a = “Hello, World!”?

A. [‘Hello World!’]
B. [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’]
C. [‘Hello’, ‘World!’]
D. [‘Hello’, ‘World’]

Answer 8

B. [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’]

Explanation: The split() method splits a string into a list using the specified delimiter. Therefore, a.split(“,”) outputs [‘Hello’, ‘ World!’].

Question 9

What does print(a + s + d) output if a = “Papasa”, s = “ba”, and d = “ako?”?

A. Papasa ba ako?
B. Papasabaako?
C. Papasa baako?
D. Papasa ba ako

Answer 9

B. Papasabaako?

Explanation: The + operator concatenates strings without adding spaces. Therefore, a + s + d outputs “Papasabaako?”.

Question 10

What does print(a + s + d) output if a = 1, s = 2, and d = 3?

A. 123
B. 6
C. 5
D. Error

Answer 10

B. 6

Explanation: The + operator adds numeric values. Therefore, a + s + d outputs 6.

Question 11

What does print(a + s) output if a = “Okay na to” and s = 5?

A. Okay na to5
B. Okay na to 5
C. Error
D. TypeError

Answer 11

D. TypeError

Explanation: Concatenating a string with an integer using + results in a TypeError. Therefore, print(a + s) outputs a TypeError.

Question 12

What does print(x) output if x = 3?

A. 3
B. x
C. Error
D. None

Answer 12

A. 3

Explanation: The variable x is assigned the value 3. Therefore, print(x) outputs 3.

Question 13

What is the data type of c if c = float(5)?

A. int
B. float
C. str
D. bool

Answer 13

B. float

Explanation: The float() function converts the integer 5 to a floating-point number. Therefore, c is of type float.

Question 14

Which of the following is a valid variable name in Python?

A. 1variable
B. variable_1
C. variable-1
D. variable 1

Answer 14

B. variable_1

Explanation: Variable names must start with a letter or underscore and can only contain alphanumeric characters and underscores. Therefore, variable_1 is valid.

Question 15

What does print(“Python is “ + x) output if x = “awesome” and global x is set to “fantastic” in a function?

A. Python is awesome
B. Python is fantastic
C. Python is None
D. Error

Answer 15

B. Python is fantastic

Explanation: The global keyword allows the variable x to be modified globally within the function. Therefore, print(“Python is “ + x) outputs “Python is fantastic”.

Question 16

What is the data type of z if z = 4j?

A. int
B. float
C. complex
D. str

Answer 16

C. complex

Explanation: The value 4j represents a complex number in Python. Therefore, z is of type complex.

Question 17

What does print(random.randrange(1, 10)) output?

A. A fixed number between 1 and 10
B. A random number between 1 and 9
C. A random number between 1 and 10
D. Error

Answer 17

B. A random number between 1 and 9

Explanation: The randrange() function from the random module generates a random number between the specified range, inclusive of the start and exclusive of the end. Therefore, it outputs a random number between 1 and 9.

Question 18

What does print(10 > 9) output?

A. True
B. False
C. None
D. Error

Answer 18

A. True

Explanation: The comparison operator > checks if 10 is greater than 9. Since this condition is true, the output is True.

Question 19

What does print(not(x < 5 and x < 10)) output if x = 3?

A. False
B. True
C. None
D. Error

Answer 19

A. False

Explanation: The not operator reverses the result of the expression. Since x < 5 and x < 10 is True, not(True) is False.

Question 20

What does x & y do in Python?

A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
C. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
D. Inverts all the bits

Answer 20

A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1

Explanation: The bitwise AND operator & sets each bit to 1 if both corresponding bits are 1. Otherwise, it sets the bit to 0.

Question 21

What does x | y do in Python?

A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
C. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
D. Inverts all the bits

Answer 21

B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1

Explanation: The bitwise OR operator | sets each bit to 1 if one of the two corresponding bits is 1. If both bits are 0, it sets the bit to 0.

Question 22

What does x ^ y do in Python?

A. Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
C. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0
D. Inverts all the bits

Answer 22

A. Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1

Explanation: The bitwise XOR operator ^ sets each bit to 1 if only one of the two corresponding bits is 1. If both bits are the same, it sets the bit to 0.

Question 23

What does ~x do in Python?

A. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
B. Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
C. Inverts all the bits
D. Sets each bit to 0 if both bits are 0

Answer 23

C. Inverts all the bits

Explanation: The bitwise NOT operator ~ inverts all the bits of the operand, changing 1s to 0s and 0s to 1s.

Question 24

What does x &laquo_space;2 do in Python?

A. Shifts bits to the right
B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right
C. Inverts all the bits
D. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1

Answer 24

B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right

Explanation: The bitwise left shift operator &laquo_space;shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right, letting the leftmost bits fall off.

Question 25

What does x >> 2 do in Python? A. Shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left B. Shifts bits to the left by pushing zeros in from the right C. Inverts all the bits D. Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1

Answer 25

A. Shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left ## Footnote Explanation: The bitwise right shift operator >> shifts bits to the right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, letting the rightmost bits fall off.

Question 26

What does x and y do in Python? A. Returns True if both statements are true B. Returns True if one of the statements is true C. Returns False if both statements are true D. Returns False if one of the statements is true

Answer 26

A. Returns True if both statements are true ## Footnote Explanation: The logical AND operator and returns True if both statements are true. If either statement is false, it returns False.

Question 27

What does x or y do in Python? A. Returns True if both statements are true B. Returns True if one of the statements is true C. Returns False if both statements are true D. Returns False if one of the statements is true

Answer 27

B. Returns True if one of the statements is true ## Footnote Explanation: The logical OR operator or returns True if at least one of the statements is true. If both statements are false, it returns False.

Question 28

What does not(x < 5 and x < 10) do in Python? A. Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true B. Returns True if both statements are true C. Returns True if one of the statements is true D. Returns False if one of the statements is true

Answer 28

A. Reverses the result, returns False if the result is true ## Footnote Explanation: The logical NOT operator not reverses the result of the expression. If the expression is true, it returns False, and vice versa.

Question 29

What does x in y do in Python? A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object B. Returns True if both variables are the same object C. Returns True if both variables are not the same object D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

Answer 29

A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object ## Footnote Explanation: The membership operator in returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object.

Question 30

What does x not in y do in Python? A. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object B. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object C. Returns True if both variables are the same object D. Returns True if both variables are not the same object

Answer 30

B. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object ## Footnote Explanation: The membership operator not in returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object.

Question 31

What does x is y do in Python? A. Returns True if both variables are the same object B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object C. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

Answer 31

A. Returns True if both variables are the same object ## Footnote Explanation: The identity operator is returns True if both variables refer to the same object.

Question 32

What does x is not y do in Python? A. Returns True if both variables are the same object B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object C. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object D. Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object

Answer 32

B. Returns True if both variables are not the same object ## Footnote Explanation: The identity operator is not returns True if both variables do not refer to the same object.

Question 33

What does x == y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than y D. Returns True if x is less than y

Answer 33

A. Returns True if x is equal to y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator == returns True if x is equal to y.

Question 34

What does x != y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than y D. Returns True if x is less than y

Answer 34

B. Returns True if x is not equal to y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator != returns True if x is not equal to y.

Question 35

What does x > y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than y D. Returns True if x is less than y

Answer 35

C. Returns True if x is greater than y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator > returns True if x is greater than y.

Question 36

What does x < y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than y D. Returns True if x is less than y

Answer 36

D. Returns True if x is less than y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator < returns True if x is less than y.

Question 37

What does x >= y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than or equal to y D. Returns True if x is less than y

Answer 37

C. Returns True if x is greater than or equal to y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator >= returns True if x is greater than or equal to y.

Question 38

What does x <= y do in Python? A. Returns True if x is equal to y B. Returns True if x is not equal to y C. Returns True if x is greater than y D. Returns True if x is less than or equal to y

Answer 38

D. Returns True if x is less than or equal to y ## Footnote Explanation: The comparison operator <= returns True if x is less than or equal to y.

Question 39

What does the following code output? ``` a = 33 b = 200 if b > a: print("b is greater than a") ``` A. a is greater than b B. b is greater than a C. a and b are equal D. Error

Answer 39

B. b is greater than a ## Footnote Explanation: The if statement checks if b is greater than a. Since b (200) is greater than a (33), the output is "b is greater than a".

Question 40

What does the following code output? ``` a = 33 b = 33 if b > a: print("b is greater than a") elif a == b: print("a and b are equal") ``` A. b is greater than a B. a and b are equal C. a is greater than b D. Error

Answer 40

B. a and b are equal ## Footnote Explanation: The elif statement checks if a is equal to b. Since a (33) is equal to b (33), the output is "a and b are equal".

Question 41

What does the following code output? ``` a = 200 b = 33 if b > a: print("b is greater than a") elif a == b: print("a and b are equal") else: print("a is greater than b") ``` A. b is greater than a B. a and b are equal C. a is greater than b D. Error

Answer 41

C. a is greater than b ## Footnote Explanation: The else statement executes if none of the previous conditions are true. Since a (200) is greater than b (33), the output is "a is greater than b".

Question 42

What does the following code output? ``` x = 41 if x > 10: print("Above ten,") if x > 20: print("and also above 20!") else: print("but not above 20.") ``` A. Above ten, B. Above ten, but not above 20. C. Above ten, and also above 20! D. Error

Answer 42

C. Above ten, and also above 20! ## Footnote Explanation: The nested if statement checks if x is greater than 20. Since x (41) is greater than 20, the output is "Above ten, and also above 20!".

Question 43

What does the following code output? ``` i = 1 while i < 6: print(i) i += 1 ``` A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 B. 1 2 3 4 5 C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 D. Error

Answer 43

B. 1 2 3 4 5 ## Footnote Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. It prints the value of i and then increments i by 1. The output is "1 2 3 4 5".

Question 44

What does the following code output? ``` i = 1 while i < 6: print(i) if i == 3: break i += 1 ``` A. 1 2 3 4 5 B. 1 2 3 C. 1 2 3 4 D. Error

Answer 44

B. 1 2 3 ## Footnote Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. When i equals 3, the break statement terminates the loop. The output is "1 2 3".

Question 45

What does the following code output? ``` i = 0 while i < 6: i += 1 if i == 3: continue print(i) ``` A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 B. 1 2 3 4 5 C. 1 2 4 5 6 D. Error

Answer 45

C. 1 2 4 5 6 ## Footnote Explanation: The while loop runs as long as i is less than 6. When i equals 3, the continue statement skips the current iteration, so 3 is not printed. The output is "1 2 4 5 6".

Question 46

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] for x in fruits: print(x) ``` A. apple banana B. banana cherry C. apple banana cherry D. Error

Answer 46

C. apple banana cherry ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits and prints each element. The output is "apple banana cherry".

Question 47

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] for x in fruits: print(x) if x == "banana": break ``` A. apple banana cherry B. apple banana C. apple D. Error

Answer 47

B. apple banana ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the break statement terminates the loop. The output is "apple banana".

Question 48

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"] for x in fruits: if x == "banana": continue print(x) ``` A. apple banana cherry B. apple cherry C. banana cherry D. Error

Answer 48

B. apple cherry ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 49

What does the following code output? ``` for x in range(6): print(x) ``` A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 D. 1 2 3 4 5

Answer 49

C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 50

What does the following code output? ``` for x in range(2, 6): print(x) ``` A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 C. 2 3 4 5 D. 2 3 4 5 6

Answer 50

C. 2 3 4 5 ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 51

What does the following code output? ``` for x in range(2, 30, 3): print(x) ``` A. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 B. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 C. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 D. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Answer 51

B. 2 5 8 11 14 17 20 23 26 29 ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 52

What does the following code output? ``` for x in range(6): print(x) else: print("Finally finished!") ``` A. 0 1 2 3 4 5 B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Finally finished! C. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Finally finished! D. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Answer 52

B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Finally finished! ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 53

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(): print("Hello from a function") my_function() ``` A. Hello from a function B. Hello from a function C. Error D. None

Answer 53

B. Hello from a function ## Footnote Explanation: The my_function() function is defined to print "Hello from a function". Calling my_function() executes the function, resulting in the output "Hello from a function".

Question 54

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(fname): print(fname + " Refsnes") my_function("Emil") my_function("Tobias") my_function("Linus") ``` A. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes B. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes C. Emil Tobias Linus D. Error

Answer 54

B. Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes Explanation: The my_function(fname) function takes a parameter fname and prints it concatenated with " Refsnes". Calling my_function() with different arguments results in the output "Emil Refsnes Tobias Refsnes Linus Refsnes". ## Footnote Explanation: The for loop iterates over each element in the list fruits. When x equals "banana", the continue statement skips the current iteration, so "banana" is not printed. The output is "apple cherry".

Question 55

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(x): return 5 * x print(my_function(3)) print(my_function(5)) print(my_function(9)) ``` A. 3 5 9 B. 15 25 45 C. 15 25 45 D. Error

Answer 55

C. 15 25 45 ## Footnote Explanation: The my_function(x) function multiplies the input x by 5 and returns the result. The print() statements output the results of my_function(3), my_function(5), and my_function(9), which are 15, 25, and 45, respectively.

Question 56

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(country = "Norway"): print("I am from " + country) my_function("Sweden") my_function("India") my_function() my_function("Brazil") ``` A. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil B. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil C. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway D. Error

Answer 56

B. I am from Sweden I am from India I am from Norway I am from Brazil ## Footnote Explanation: The my_function(country) function has a default parameter value of "Norway". If no argument is provided, it uses the default value. The print() statements output the results of my_function("Sweden"), my_function("India"), my_function(), and my_function("Brazil"), which are "I am from Sweden", "I am from India", "I am from Norway", and "I am from Brazil", respectively.

Question 57

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(child3, child2, child1): print("The youngest child is " + child3) my_function(child1 = "Emil", child2 = "Tobias", child3 = "Linus") ``` A. The youngest child is Emil B. The youngest child is Tobias C. The youngest child is Linus D. Error

Answer 57

C. The youngest child is Linus ## Footnote xplanation: The my_function(child3, child2, child1) function accepts keyword arguments. The print() statement outputs the value of child3, which is "Linus". Therefore, the output is "The youngest child is Linus".

Question 58

What does the following code output? ``` def my_function(**kid): print("His last name is " + kid["lname"]) my_function(fname = "Tobias", lname = "Refsnes") ``` A. His last name is Tobias B. His last name is Refsnes C. His last name is Emil D. Error

Answer 58

B. His last name is Refsnes ## Footnote Explanation: The my_function(kid) function accepts arbitrary keyword arguments and treats them as a dictionary. The print() statement outputs the value of the "lname" key, which is "Refsnes". Therefore, the output is "His last name is Refsnes".

Question 59

What does the following code output? ``` x = lambda a : a + 10 print(x(5)) ``` A. 5 B. 15 C. 10 D. Error

Answer 59

B. 15 ## Footnote Explanation: The lambda function lambda a : a + 10 adds 10 to the input a. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 15.

Question 60

What does the following code output? ``` x = lambda a, b : a * b print(x(5, 6)) ``` A. 11 B. 30 C. 30 D. Error

Answer 60

C. 30 ## Footnote Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b : a * b multiplies the inputs a and b. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5, 6), which is 30.

Question 61

What does the following code output? ``` x = lambda a, b=2 : a * b print(x(5)) ``` A. 10 B. 10 C. 5 D. Error

Answer 61

B. 10 ## Footnote Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b=2 : a * b multiplies the input a by the default value of b, which is 2. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 10.

Question 62

What does the following code output? ``` x = lambda a, b=2, c=3 : a * b * c print(x(5)) ``` A. 30 B. 30 C. 10 D. Error

Answer 62

B. 30 ## Footnote Explanation: The lambda function lambda a, b=2, c=3 : a * b * c multiplies the input a by the default values of b and c, which are 2 and 3, respectively. The print() statement outputs the result of x(5), which is 30.

Question 63

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x for x in fruits if "a" in x] print(newlist) ``` A. ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'] B. ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'] C. ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] D. Error

Answer 63

B. ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'] ## Footnote xplanation: The list comprehension [x for x in fruits if "a" in x] creates a new list containing only the fruits that have the letter "a" in them. The print() statement outputs ['apple', 'banana', 'mango'].

Question 64

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x for x in fruits if x != "apple"] print(newlist) ``` A. ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'] B. ['banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'] C. ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] D. Error

Answer 64

B. ['banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'] ## Footnote Explanation: The list comprehension [x for x in fruits if x != "apple"] creates a new list containing all the fruits except "apple". The print() statement outputs ['banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'].

Question 65

What does the following code output? ``` fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "kiwi", "mango"] newlist = [x.upper() for x in fruits] print(newlist) ``` A. ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'kiwi', 'mango'] B. ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY', 'KIWI', 'MANGO'] C. ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry', 'Kiwi', 'Mango'] D. Error

Answer 65

B. ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY', 'KIWI', 'MANGO'] ## Footnote Explanation: The list comprehension [x.upper() for x in fruits] creates a new list containing all the fruits in uppercase.