Python Flashcards
Programs
Lists of instructions the computer preforms in sequential order
Source Code
Program written in a high-level programming language
Python
High-level programming language
Easy
Emphasizes code readability
Python Interpreter
Read instructions from top to bottom, left to rights
Performs instruction validation
run in command line: py or python3
IDE
Integrated Development Environment
Most useful in Python: PyCharm
IDLE
Python’s Integrated Development Learning Environment
String
multiple characters (animals)
Integer
Number without decimal (2)
Float
Decimal number (2.5)
Boolean
True or False
Hashtag #
Renders an entire line as a comment
””” three quotes
Used in the beginning and end of multi-line comments
print()
Prints what is in the ()
Keywords
Python’s reserved words and instructions like print, def
Indentation
Mechanism that associates a block of code with a condition, loop, or class
input function
Used to ask a user for input
Always a string data type
name = input(“Please enter your name: “)
Data Types
String, Integer, Boolean, Float
string formatting
% ex: item 1 = “Hi, my name is %s and I’m %d years old”
.format ex: item2 = “Hi, my name is {} and I’m {} years old”
f ex: item3 = f”Hi, my my name is {} and I’m {} years old”
Logical Operations
Used with Boolean expressions
Truth table: Table that defines the results of a binary operation
AND: Both conditions must be true (to be a true statement or it is false)
Conditional Operations
OR: Only one operation must be true (always true unless both conditions are false)
NOT: Reverse the result of the operation
XOR: Exclusive OR True if the results of the operation aren’t similar (must have a true and false)
Type Casting
Converting one data type to another date type
int(), float(), str()
List
Dynamic data type that can hold different types of data simultaneously.
Starts at 0 [cat, dog, bear] 0=cat
Dictionary
Have a key:value format (ex: personDict = {“name”:”Chad”} )
Dictionaries are identified by curly brackets
Nested Data Structures
Can hold other data structures
nestedDS = [“hello”, {“name”:”John”, “age”:24}, [“one”, “two”]]
This example is a list with a nested dictionary and another list
Tuple
Cannot be edited
Write values separated by commas (cat, dog)
String Concationation
Join strings together with +
String Sub-String
Also known as slicing
Slice specific characters from a string
string[start:end] or string[start:end:step]
Loops
A group of code used when you need something to repeat several times
break command exits the loop
continue command skips the iteration
pass command is used as an empty execution
for loop
Used to repeatedly execute a group of statements as long as the condition is satisfied. Used when you know how many times it needs to repeat
while loop
Performs a block of code while a condition is true-if it is false, it will not be executed
Used if you do not know how many times it needs to repeat
open()
To open a file. Needs text name, and function (r-read, w-write, a-append)
myfile = open(“file.txt”, “w”)
close()
Need to be used after open in order to save and close your work
myfile.close()
function
Blocks of code with reusable logic
You can call upon it without having to write the same code again
scope
What defines the visibility of a variable
4 types: local, enclosed, global, and built-in
return
Send the function’s result back to the caller. Get information out of a function
try & except
try creates a code block to execute code that may create an error
execute handles the error in the try code
Recursion
Functions that call themselves
Need to make sure it has an exit condition
class
an object and defines an objects properties
class Car:
def __init__(self, color) :
self.color = color
__init__ allows the attributes of a class to be initialized for an object
Class attributes and methods are assessed by using self
netcat
Tool used to test the connection (socket)
