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CyberSecurity > Linux > Flashcards

Linux Flashcards

1
Q

What is Linux

A

Open Source OS
UNIX alternative
Highly customizable
Many home IoT devices use it

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2
Q

Linux Kernel

A

Core of Linux OS
Establishes communication between software and hardware

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3
Q

Kernel’s Responsibilities

A

Device, Memory, and Process Management
Handling system calls

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4
Q

File Manager

A

Allows users to access files in the system

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5
Q

Desktop Environment

A

Provides a user-friendly GUI

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6
Q

Package Manager

A

Used to download, install, and update applications

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7
Q

/bin and /sbin

A

Store binaries

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8
Q

/media and /mnt

A

Used to mount drives

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9
Q

/home

A

Stores personal user files

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10
Q

/tmp

A

Stores temporary files (do not save personal files in this directory)

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11
Q

/etc

A

Important: system configurations files
Directory

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12
Q

/var

A

Stores system logs

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13
Q

/boot

A

Kernel image

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14
Q

/sys

A

Interface to the kernel

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15
Q

/proc

A

A directory for each running process, including kernel processes

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16
Q

Root User

A

Highest Privileges
Can perform any task
Shown by # in CLI

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17
Q

Sudo Users

A

Can perform only what they are permitted to do in the system

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18
Q

Regular Users

A

Can perform only basic tasks in the system
Shown by $ in CLI

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19
Q

whoami

A

Returns current user name

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20
Q

pwd

A

Print Working Directory
Finds current system location

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21
Q

uname

A

Gets info about the operating system

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22
Q

touch

A

Command that creates a file

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23
Q

mkdir

A

Command creates directories and folders

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24
Q

Cat

A

Concatenate

Reads data from the file and gives its content as output

25
Q

Relative Path

A

Navigation to directories w/o specifying the root and relative to the working directory

26
Q

Absolute Path

A

/ Indicated root folder

27
Q

>

A

Outputs and overwrites a file

28
Q

> >

A

Appends the output to a file

29
Q

<

A

Input

30
Q

STDIN

A

Standard Input
taking text as an input
0

31
Q

STDOUT

A

Standard Output
used to test output of any command you type in the terminal, and then that output is stored in the stdout stream
1

32
Q

STDERR

A

Standard Error
is invoked whenever a command faces an error, then that error message gets stored in this data stream
2

33
Q

grep

A

Filters data

34
Q

/etc/shadow

A

Contains encrypted passwords
Need to be Root or Root privilaged

35
Q

R

A

Read
4

36
Q

W

A

Write
2

37
Q

X

A

Execute
1

38
Q

Path

A

Environment variable
Instructs the shell to find an executable path
Paths are separated with : colons

39
Q

apt update

A

Updates package lists for upgrades

40
Q

apt upgrade

A

Installs all available package updates

41
Q

dmesg

A

Displays messages from the kernel ring buffer.
Diagnostic tool for failures

42
Q

dhclient

A

IP addresses can be changed, released, renewed, or removed

43
Q

/etc/network/interfaces

A

Configure network interfaces

44
Q

What 2 commands can start a service

A

Service
systemctl

45
Q

netstat

A

NOT installed by default

46
Q

Samba

A

Allows computers to communicate within the local network via SMB protocol. Port 137-139 and 445

47
Q

SCP

A

Secure Copy Protocol
Securely transfer files between remote & local stations
Can use flags to set parameters

48
Q

Bash

A

Bourne Again SHell
Scripting includes system commands.
File extension .sh
Automates tasks
First line #!/bin/bash

49
Q

$
#
“ “

A

Variable
Comment
Text

50
Q

sed

A

Command used to replace words

51
Q

chmod

A

Command to change permissions of a file or directory

52
Q

iptables

A

Protects from possible attacks
Firewall

53
Q

smb.conf

A

File to be edited to set up Samba services

54
Q

Fail2ban

A

Daemon that protects against brute force attacks

55
Q

What is used for math

A

let
expr
(( ))

56
Q

/etc/skel

A

Where templates for new users are stored

57
Q

cd/

A

Command to get to the root directory

58
Q

Apache

A

Web server

CyberSecurity (7 decks)

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