PYRAMIDAL SYSTEM

Question 0

Inhibit or facilitates voluntary movement; hypothalamus controls sympathetic and parasympathetic outflows.

A. Corticotectospinal
B. Corticovestibulospinal
C. Corticoreticulospinal
D. Corticorubrospinal

Answer 0

C. Corticoreticulospinal

Question 1

Facilitates activity of the flexor muscles and inhibits activity of the extensor muscles.

A. Corticotectospinal
B. Corticovestibulospinal
C. Corticoreticulospinal
D. Corticorubrospinal

Answer 1

D. Corticorubrospinal

Question 2

Facilitates activity of extensor muscles and inhibits activity of flexor muscles.

A. Corticotectospinal
B. Corticovestibulospinal
C. Corticoreticulospinal
D. Corticorubrospinal

Answer 2

B. Corticovestibulospinal

Question 3

Reflex postural movements.

A. Corticotectospinal
B. Corticovestibulospinal
C. Corticoreticulospinal
D. Corticorubrospinal

Answer 3

A. Corticotectospinal

Question 4

The following are manifestations of clinical disorders of extrapyramidal system EXCEPT:

A. Presence of tremors, chorea, athetosis, dystonia
B. Hypertonus of the limb and trunk flexors
C. Clasp knife +- rigidity
D. Normal or slightly increased tendon reflex

Answer 4

C. Clasp knife +- rigidity

Question 5

Receptive part of the basal ganglia.

Answer 5

Striatum mainly the putamen.

Question 6

Output nuclei of the basal ganglia.

Answer 6

Palligum medial (interna) and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata

Question 7

Neurotransmitters of the direct pathway.

Answer 7

Glutamate and dopamine

Question 8

Trace the prepyramidal circuit.

Answer 8

Cerebral cortex ➡️ Striatum ➡️ Globus Pallidus ➡️ Thalamus ➡️ PreMotor or Supplemental Motor Cortex ➡️ Primary motor cortex

Question 9

Principal location of a unilateral plastic rigidity with static tremor (Parkinson’s disease)

Answer 9

Contralateral Subthalamic Nuclei

Question 10

A lesion on the contralateral subthalamic nucleus will result to….

Answer 10

Unilateral hemiballisimus and hemichorea

Question 11

Athetosis and dystonia are caused by a lesion on..

Answer 11

Contralateral striatum

Question 12

A lesion on the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere; middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles; brachium conjuctivum will result to..

Answer 12

Cerebellar incoordination

Question 13

A lesion on the bilateral tegmentum of the upper brainstem at the level of the red nucleus will result to…

Answer 13

Decerebrate rigidity

Question 14

The following are positive symptoms of a basal ganglia disease EXCEPT:

A. Bradykinesia
B. Ballisimus
C. Chorea
D. Athetosis

Answer 14

A. Bradykinesia

Question 15

Cerebellar longitudinal zone responsible for eye and body movements with respect to gravity and movement of head in space.

Answer 15

Vermian

Question 16

Vermia zone goes through..

Answer 16

Fastigial

Question 17

Cerebellar longitudinal zone responsible for the coordination of ipsilateral movements.

Answer 17

Lateral zone

Question 18

The lateral zone goes through the…

Answer 18

Dentate

Question 19

The paravermian or intermediate zone goes through..

Answer 19

Globose and emboliform

Question 20

The paravermian zone is responsible for…

Answer 20

Postural tone and individual movement of ipsilateral limbs

Question 21

Deep nucleus of the cerebellum responsible for the initiation of volitional movements.

Answer 21

Dentate