DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND HIGHER CORTICAL FUNCTIONS

Question 0

The direction of the eyes in a stuporous patient.

A. Downward and outward
B. Upward and outward
C. Upward and inward
D. Downward and inward

Answer 0

B. Upward and outward

Question 1

Inability to sustain a wakeful state without the application of external stimuli.

A. Confusion
B. Drowsiness
C. Coma
D. Normal

Answer 1

B. Drowsiness

Question 2

This refers to the state of arousal or the degree of variation from normal alertness.

Answer 2

Level of Consciousness

Question 3

In the deepest stage of coma, the following reflexes are in abeyance EXCEPT:

A. Corneal
B. Pharyngeal
C. Tendon
D. None of the above.

Answer 3

D. None of the above.

Question 4

Increased muscle tone can be observed in:

A. Coma (deepest stage)
B. Semicoma
C. Coma (lesser degrees)
D. Both A and B.

Answer 4

C. Coma (lesser degrees)

Question 5

Lack of consistent visual following of objects is a manifestation of:

A. Coma
B. Locked in Syndrome
C. Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)
D. Minimally Conscious State

Answer 5

C. Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE: There is preservation of the ability to carry out basic motor functions in the Minimally Conscious State.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Mainly, lesions in __________ results in Locked in Syndrome.

Answer 7

Ventral pons (basis pons)

Question 8

Lesions in a Locked in Syndrome interrupts with the following tracts:

A. Corticobulbar and spinocerebellar
B. Corticospinal and spinocerebellar
C. Corticobulbar and Corticospinal
D. Spinocerebellar and Spinothalamic

Answer 8

C. Corticobulbar and Corticospinal

Question 9

A condition where there is a waxy flexibility of the limb when there is passive movement exerted to the limb.

Answer 9

Flexibilitas Cerea

Question 10

Long period of unseemingly uncomfortable limb postures is a manifestation of:

A. Locked in Syndrome
B. Akinetic Mutism
C. Coma
D. Catatonia

Answer 10

D. Catatonia

Question 11

The following are basis for the diagnosis of brain death EXCEPT:

A. Irreversibility of the State
B. Reversibility of the State
C. Absence of brainstem function and spontaneous breathing
D. Absence of all cerebral functions

Answer 11

B. Reversibility of the State

Question 12

This test is done to determine the unresponsiveness of medullary centers to high CO2 tension and that there is no spontaneous breathing.

Answer 12

Apnea test

Question 13

A state where in vigorous and repeated stimuli is required to increase the level of consciousness.

A. Drowsiness
B. Stupor
C. Coma
D. Confusion

Answer 13

B. Stupor

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE: There is an increase in cerebral oxygen in a comatose patient.

Answer 14

FALSE. There is a decrease compared to a normal person.

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE: In a patient with Locked In Syndrome, the somatosensory system is spared while the ascending neuronal system is disrupted.

Answer 15

FALSE. Both systems are spared.

Question 16

The most prominent pathologic changes in a patient with Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) occurs in the:

A. Ventral pons
B. Subthalamic nuclei
C. Thalamic nuclei
D. Both B and C are correct.

Answer 16

D. Both B and C are correct.

Question 17

Primitive postural and reflex movement of limbs are manifestations of:

A. Coma
B. Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)
C. Locked In Syndrome
D. Catatonia

Answer 17

B. Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

Question 18

Little or no disturbance of awareness but inability of the patient to respond adequately.

A. Locked In Syndrome
B. PVS
C. Minimally Conscious State
D. Akinetic Mutism

Answer 18

A. Locked In Syndrome

Question 19

In Akinetic Mutism, there is known to have bilaterial lesions of which lobe of the brain?

Answer 19

Frontal