PV Loops

Question 1

Answer 1

Acute MR

Question 2

Answer 2

CHF and volatiles agents a high MAC

Question 3

Answer 3

chronic aortic regurgitation

Question 4

Answer 4

chronic Aortic stenosis

Question 5

Answer 5

digitalis

Question 6

Answer 6

IHSS

Question 7

Answer 7

Mitral Stenosis and NTG

Question 8

Answer 8

• A’ is normal single ventricular contraction
• ‘B’ shows increasing preload with constant contractility and afterload
• ‘C’ shows increasing afterload with constant preload and contractility
• ‘D’ shows increasing contractility with constant preload and afterload

ESP= End systolic point; EDP= End diastolic point

Question 9

Question 10

Answer 10

nitroprusside

Question 11

Answer 11

phenylephrine

Question 12

Answer 12

• A=normal,
• B= mitral stenosis,
• C= aortic stenosis,
• D= mitral regurgitation (chronic),
• E= aortic regurgitation (chronic)

Question 13

Answer 13

• Point B
  
  • Beginning of contraction
  • Heart is biggest as it gets
  • Shows EDP/EDV relationship
  • Shows LVEDV. Pressure is fairly low
  • Indicates compliance; how easily ventricle takes in blood without significant rise in pressure
• Point D
  
  • Ventricle start relaxing
  • Ca⁺⁺ is releasing from troponin and going back to sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Shows ESP/ESV relationship
  • ( or ) shows regurgitation