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End Of Year Science > Putting Up Defences > Flashcards

Putting Up Defences Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify some diseases caused by protozoans.

A

Malaria, toxoplasmosis, dysentery.

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2
Q

Identify some diseases caused by viruses.

A

AIDS, influenza, measles.

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3
Q

Identify some disease caused by fungi.

A

Thrush, ringworm, athletes foot.

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4
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Any substance that triggers the production of antibodies.

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5
Q

What is an antibody?

A

A type of protein produced by B lymphocytes in the blood in response to antigen. They attach to antigens to render them harmless.

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6
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen that stimulates antibody production.

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7
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

Inoculation with a vaccine.

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8
Q

What is immunity?

A

An organisms ability to resist disease by the activities of specialized blood cells or antibodies.

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9
Q

What does sterilized mean?

A

Making some thing free of bacteria or other microorganisms.

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10
Q

What does antiseptic mean?

A

Capable of preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

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11
Q

Which lymphocytes make antibodies?

A

B

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12
Q

What is a vector?

A

Any agents that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.

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13
Q

What are the 3 lines of defence?

A

1- physical and chemical.
2- increased blood flow, fever, phagocytes.
3- lymphocytes start immune response and attack pathogen.

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14
Q

What is quarantine?

A

Enforced isolation or restriction of free movement to prevent the spread of contagious disease.

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15
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

An outbreak of a contagious disease that is quickly and widely spread.

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16
Q

What is a disinfectant?

A

An agent such as heat, radiation or chemical tat inhibits the growth of pathogens.

17
Q

Identify some diseases caused by bacteria.

A

Scarlet fever, tuberculosis, meningitis.

18
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The variable that is changed.

19
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The one that is measured.

20
Q

What is the control/constant variable?

A

The one that is kept the same.

21
Q

What is reliability?

A

Repetition of experiment.

22
Q

What is validity?

A

The extent to which data measure what was intended.

23
Q

What is accuracy?

A

The precision of measurement.

24
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

A drug developed from living things that is used to kill pathogens in bacteria.

25
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary immune responses?

A

Primary immune response is the first response to a specific pathogen whilst a secondary is the second time the same pathogen triggers an immune response.

End Of Year Science (4 decks)

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