Purposive Communication for Midterm Flashcards
This is what helps do the ethical act.
Conscience
This is what you feel after you’ve done the mistake. This drives you to the opposite side.
Guilt
This is concerned with conveying the message in the most appropriate manner
Communication Ethics
What are the four definitions of Ethical Correspondence?
- To convey the message without offending the audience.
- To maintain a relationship with the audience.
- To avoid withholding crucial information
- Giving accurate information
Characteristics of Ethical Communication?
- All relevant information
- Truthfulness
- Accuracy and Sincerity
- Fair presentation of ideas
Factors affecting Ethical Communication
Ethical Aspects
Ethical Context
Culture
This is concerned with knowing what to reveal and what not to reveal
Ethical Aspects
Ethical background is essential across all modes of communication (It is important to consider the context of one’s ethics, for example, a japanese and a filipino engaging in conversation may have different ethics that they project in the way they speak)
Ethical Context
Refers to the complex set of traditions, laws, practices, beliefs, etc.
Culture
What are the Ethical Dilemmas in Communication?
Plagiarism
Selective Misquoting
Misrepresenting numbers
Distorting visuals
Presenting someone else’s words or works as your own without their consent or credit.
Plagiarism
Deliberately misrepresenting and altering the meaning of someone’s work or words by taking it out of the context. The essential info is omitted to fabricate a false picture.
Selective misquoting
Communicating honestly reported data in a deceptive manner
Misrepresenting numbers
Achieved by making the product look more prominent, adding more colors and using similar methods that are misleading
Distorting visuals
“The best advice I can offer is to be sensitive, be concerned about others, and be troubled by the difficulty of arriving at a decision when you are faced with an ethical dilemma. But don’t give in to temptation of having no convictions.” Who said this?
David Finn (1995)
Individuals do not deal with words alone in
communication.
They often use appropriate pictures to
express accurate messages to strengthen
understanding.
(This is when people represent data and information beyond words by utilizing resources like photos, videos, audios,)
Multimodality
According to these people, multimodality reflects the approach which informs about the systematic social understanding of
messages from various sense formation ways.
Jewitt and Kress
What are the three Central Concepts of Multimodality
- It enables us to communicate and reflect our
experience in the world - It establishes relationships between producers
and receivers of messages. - It allows us to arrange texts to form coherent
whole
The multimodal perspective can refer to the
principle of ____________ derived from the
work of _______________ (1978), and its functional
view of language.
Social Semiotics, derived from the work of M.A. Halliday.
The Six essential Terms on Multimodal Text
Media, Mode, Availability, Genres, Rhetorical Situation, Author and Implied author
This term of multimodal text describes the type of communication
used: spatial, verbal, visual, gestural, audio
Mode
This term of multimodal text simply relates to how a message reaches its audience (e.g., photography,
website, song)
Media
This term of multimodal text refers to the specific attributes of the chosen medium that the author uses while
writing in that medium
Availability
These are classifications of media
based on the desires of the viewer. For
example: film media includes genres such as
romantic comedy and animated shorts.
Genre
Each genre comprises a collection of _____________.
Conventions
Every multimodal text is produced for a specific time and place, and a particular audience. This term of multimodal text considers decisions based on context,
audience, intent, genre, and author.
Rhetorical Situation
In the absence of
a designated author, the organization/websites
becomes the author of the advertisement or paper.
Author and implied author
What are the five modes of communication?
Verbal, visual, gestural, spatial, and
audio.
This mode refers to choice of phrase;
delivery of spoken or written
communication (tone);
organization of sentences,
phrases, paragraphs; coherence
of independent words and ideas.
Linguistic/Verbal
This mode of communication refers to color, layout, design,
height, outlook
Visual
This mode refers to facial expressions,
hand gestures, body language,
human communication.
Gestural
This mode of communication refers to arrangement, structure,
location of people, and objects.
Spatial
This mode of communication refers to music; background music; ambient noise/sound; silence;
tone; accent and accent of voice
in spoken language
Audio
What are the Languages of Design? (Hint: ERCPAL)
Emphasis, Repetition, Contrast, Proximity, Alignment, Layout
the most significant
or pronounced
element of the
picture
Emphasis
Repeated patterns of the same or similar shapes or objects, which can also be used; reflects the significant focus or theme.
Repetition
substantial disparties between elements that
are visible based on their
relationship with each other.
Contrast
Connection between objects in space, specifically how close they are to each other.
Proximity
How elements are arranged on a page, mainly in which text is positioned at left, right, or center
Alignment
good organization of website’s components, including text, pictures, shapes, and the overall composition
Layout
Concerns the elements that play out as readers make sense, and how individuals reflect those meaning in conversation.
Multimodal Approach
Things to Consider in Multimodal Text (Hint: CPA)
Purpose, Context, Audience
Creator of the text must be clear on the message and
reason(s) why the message has to be deliver
Purpose
Nature, interest and sensitivities of the target
audience must be considered so the text will not be offensive and hurt people’s sensibilities.
Audience
Should be clearly delivered through various semiotic
resources, and in consideration of the various situations where
and how the text will be read by different people having different
cultural backgrounds.
Context
This is another form of multimodal text
which uses a combination of meaning-making systems.
Journalistic Photography
defines advertisement as “any public notice, as a printed display in a newspaper, short film on television, announcement on radio or online, etc., designed to sell
goods, publicize an event, etc.
Collin’s English Dictionary (2019)
This refers to the arts created primarily for visual
perception, such as drawing, graphics, painting, sculpture, and the decorative arts as opposed to music, drama, and literature
Visual arts
Three Components of Visual Arts (Sweetland Center
for Writing (2019) at the University of
Michigan):
Context, Form, Content
This component of Visual Art is the information relevant to the creation of the artwork, including the time period and the artist’s background;
Context
This component of Visual Art consists of the artwork’s formal elements such as color, line, texture and size;
Form
This component of Visual Art is the issue or subject matter addressed in the artwork.
Content
The Main Qualities for an Effective Message (Hint: the Three S’s)
Simplicity, Specificity, Structure
It means “Unity in
economic, political, and cultural aspects.
“
and its goal is to abolish boundaries between
nations.
Globalization
Three phases of Globalization
Economic Globalization
Political Globalization
Cultural Globalization
Type of globalization wherein a country develops ties and connections with another country.
Political Globalization
The type of Globalization wherein an exchange of services, commodities and products are made between countries.
Economic Globalization
The important phase of Globalization.
This phase involves awareness of certain
words and behaviors that
may be normal in one culture
but not in the other culture. This is when cultures from other places meet and connect.
Cultural Globalization
This term refers to when people doubt
their own cultural views about faith, marriage,
and gender roles, and so on.
Globalization aims at establishing relations
between countries, while respecting and
preserving the uniqueness of different cultures.
Detraditionalization
Impacts of Globalization (Hint: 6- U, T, CC, CS, W, GS)
Universal Language
Technology
Cultural Consciousness
Cultural Sensitivity,
End of Women discrimination
Gender sensitivity
It is because of this impact of globalization that enables different native languages to communicate with others.
Universal Language
it is because of this impact of globalization that provides access to knowledge that contributes to cultural understanding.
Technology
It is because of this impact of globalization that culture no longer belongs exclusively to a
nation, since no country is culturally
homogeneous.
cultural consciousness
This impact of globalization refers to acting in an
appropriate manner and avoiding the
wrong gestures of culture.
Cultural Sensitivity ( no culture is superior to another)
According to _____________________
(2009), globalization means “Unity in
economic, political, and cultural aspects.
“
Shokina and Nishchev
This impact of globalization refers to the act of taking responsible for choosing our terms in order to prevent gender discrimination.
Gender-sensitivity (Be gender sensitive)
Our behavior or response toward a
stimulus is influenced by how we perceived it.
This is our basis on how we communicate with others
Perception
It is the tendency for people to see their own culture (or in-group) as the reference while seeing other cultures (or outgroups) as insignificant or inferior
Ethnocentricity (Neuliep)
This acts as your filter
to evaluate and compare all other
verbal and nonverbal messages from
people coming from other cultures.
Cultural orientation
These are preconceived beliefs about
the characteristics of certain groups
based on physical attributes or social status.
Argumentation and debate labeled it as “flawed logic”
Stereotyping
Negative attitudes toward individuals
result in Stereotyping.
It can show biased actions such as
discrimination.
Prejudice
It puts forth the notion that some
races are dominant over others and
that this superiority is biologically based.
Racism
How to overcome the hindrances
to intercultural communication?
Practice Cultural Relativism and keep an
open mind when communicating with
people from different cultures.
The idea that different languages are spoken in each geographical location.
Language varieties
These have no native speakers, and are a mix of two or more languages. They are typically created to connect two or more parties who speak different languages to serve a purpose. It is made for trade purposes and has reduced grammar and vocabulary. It is a short living language.
Pidgins
It comes from Pidgins and has native speakers. Native speakers typically have parents who use pidgins. Mixed language is often associated with cultural and often racial mixture
Creole
One language has different varieties, each variety is called ________?
Dialects
This is the dominant language or dialect and is spoken by the majority of its speakers.
Regional Dialect
This dialect is spoken by a small community or by ethnic groups and is not widely spoken. This is typically an identity marker.
Minority Dialect
This refers to the formality of a language. It is essential which of these to use in a specific context for an audience.
Register
Types of Register (Hint: 5, F, F, C, C, I)
Frozen, Formal, Casual, Consultative, Intimate
The Three Language Registers (F, I, N)
Formal, Informal, Neutral
Reasons why people Communicate (Hint: there are 6. R, L, I, H, I, E)
To learn, to relate, to interact with others (No man is an island - J. Donne), to help, to influence, to entertain
Principles of Communication (Hint:4, PADS)
Communication is Purposeful
- People communicate to share
information, reason has a purpose.
Communication is Adaptive
- We need to look for a way to
understand our message.
Communication is Dynamic
- Communication is like the world which
is subject to continuous change and
change for development.
Communication is Systematic
- Made up of several components, such
as communicators, text, networks, and so on.
