Purpose Of Endocrine System/ Hormones

Question 1

Why know the functions of everything in the endocrine system?

Answer 1

5 general functions:
1. Differentiating reproductive and CNS of the developing fetus
2. Stimulating growth and develop during childhood/adolescence
3. Coordination of male and female reproductive systems
4. maintain optimal internal environment throughout lifespan
5. Integrate corrective and adaptive response in EMERGENCIES

Question 2

What is the Hormone and Action of the Pineal Gland?

Answer 2

Hormone: Melatonin
Action: Causes drowsiness, help regulate sleep/wake cycle

Question 3

In the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, what are the hormones and their actions?

Answer 3

1. Somatropin Growth Hormone: stimulates growth, cell reproduction. Releases insulin from the liver.
2. TSH: promote secrete activity T3 and T4
3. Follicle stimulating hormone: ovarian follicle, secrete estrogen (Female), maturation sperm (male)
4. Leutenizing hormone: promote ovulation, secrete progesterone and testosterone
5. Prolactin: stimulating milk production, sexual gratification during sexual activity
6. ACTH: stimulate secretory activity, synthesis corticosteroids
7. Lipotropin: break down fats, stimulate melanin production
8. Melanocyte: stimulating hormone- produce melanin- skin and hair

Question 4

What are the hormones and their actions in their posterior lobe?

Answer 4

1. ADH antidiuretic: reabsorb water (retain in kidney), vasoconstriction, release ACTH in anterior pituitary
2. Oxytocin: stimulate contraction, release breast milk, regulate circadian rhythm, body temp, sleep wake cycle, activity level

Question 5

What are the hormones and their actions in the thyroid gland?

Answer 5

Hormones: T4 thyroxine/T3 triodothyronine
Actions: Regulate oxidation of body cells and growth metabolism, mobilize fats, exchange water, protein synthesis, increase basal metabolic rate

Question 6

What is the hormone and its action in the parathyroid gland?

Answer 6

Hormone: parathyroid
Action: essential for calcium and phosphorous metabolism, calcification of bone

Question 7

What are the hormones and their actions in the cortex of the adrenal gland?

Answer 7

1. Mineral corticoides: maintain fluid/ electrolyte balance, reabsorb sodium chloride, secrete K+
2. Glucocorticoids/Cortisol: food metabolism, body response to stress, preserve carbs and mobilize amino acids, suppress inflammation and immune function
3. Sex hormone/testosterone, estrogen, progesterone: ability to influence secondary sex characteristics

Question 8

What are the hormones and their actions of the medulla in the adrenal gland?

Answer 8

1. Epinephrine/adrenaline: fight or flight response, cardiac/myocardial stimulation, increase HR, vasoconstriction with increase BP, increase blood glucose via glycolysis, stimulate ACTH production
2. Norepinephrine: similar to epinephrine

Question 9

What are the hormones and their actions in the pancreas?

Answer 9

1. Insulin: increase utilization of carbs, decrease blood glucose
2. Glucagon: hyperglycemia factor, increase BP via glycogenolysis
   3: Amylin: slow down gastric emptying, inhibit digestive function, food intake

Question 10

What are the hormones and their actions of the ovaries?

Answer 10

1. Estrogen: secondary sex characteristics, maturation of sexual function, GI function, lung function
2. Progesterone: prepare and maintain pregnancy

Question 11

What are the hormones and their actions in the testes?

Answer 11

1. Testosterone: secondary sex characteristics, mature and normal sex function
2. Adiponectin lepton (LEP): control metabolism, hungry, vasoconstriction