Blood Gases

Question 1

What is the normal PH value?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

What is the normal PaCO2 value?

Answer 2

35-45

Question 3

What is the normal HCO3 value?

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

What are the rules for blood gases?

Answer 4

1. PH normal: compensated
2. Ph + PaCO2 abnormal: uncompensated
3. PH + HCO3 abnormal: uncompensated
4. PH + PaCO2 + HCO3 abnormal: partially compensated

Question 5

What is the presentation of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 5

Causes: acid in- sepsis, shock, renal failure, DB ketoacidosis, salicylate overdose
Presentation: mental dullness, deep breathing kussmaul breathing (deep fast respirations), stupor
Hyperkalemia, coma, HA
-Cardiac arrhythmias
-Hyperventilation **

Question 6

What is the presentation of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 6

Cause: chest in: trauma, pulmonary edema (L CHF), COPD
Presentation: visual disturbances, confused, dizziness, decreased DTR
Acid-hyperkalemia
Coma
HA
VFIB**** (Only one with Vfib. All others have cardiac arrhythmias)
Hypoventilation

Question 7

What is the presentation of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 7

Cause: acid out: Vomit, diarrhea, GERD
Presentation: decreased respiration
alk-hypokalemia
Tetany
Numb digits
Convulsions
Hypoventilation
Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 8

What is the presentation of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 8

Cause: chest out: high altitude, fever, hypoxemia, pregnancy, increase TV in vented pt
Presentation: Light headedness
Alk-hypokalemia
Tetany
Numb digits
Convulsions
Hyperventilation
Cardiac arrhythmias