Purpose + intents Flashcards
Talking about purpose + intents
The purpose is to… with a wider intent of…
Informal purpose + intents
- Encouraging intimacy
- Encouraging solidarity
- Encouraging equality
- Mitigating face
- Promoting linguistic innovation
- Building rapport
- Negotiating social taboos
- Supporting in-group membership
Explicitly informal
- Encouraging intimacy
- Encouraging solidarity
- Encouraging equality
- Promoting linguistic innovation
Attending to positive face
- Meeting politeness expectations of — group
- Threatening = not meeting politeness expectations
Attending to negative face
- Meeting politeness expectations of individuals
- Threatening = not meeting politeness expectations
Formal purpose + intents
- Reinforcing social distance (hierarchical imbalance)
- Establishing + maintaining authority
- Establishing expertise
- Promoting social harmony
- Negotiating social taboos
- Building rapport
- Clarifying, manipulating, obfuscating.
Explicitly formal
- Reinforcing social distance (hierarchical imbalance)
- Establishing + maintaining authority
- Establishing expertise
- Clarifying, manipulating, obfuscating
Evident in formal + informal
- Promoting social harmony
- Negotiating social taboos
- Building rapport
- Mitigating face needs
Politness strategies
- Bald on record
- Positive politness
- Negative politeness
- Off-record politeness
Bald-on record
Direct message, without hedging, no attempt to mitigate face needs.
- Depends on relationship (CONTEXT).
Positive politeness
Attending to the addressee’s positive face.
- Using compliments or language that indicates friendliness respect, + solidarity.
Negative politeness
Hedging + indirectness, apologetic language.
- Used to show respect to the addressee’s negative face needs (independence).
Off-record politeness
Indirect language to avoid imposition, relies on listener being able to infer the message.
