Purification Flashcards
Paper chromatography (parts needed)
*Chromatography paper
*Solvent
*Substance
*Pencil
*locating agent (maybe)
Paper chromatography (how to)
-Draw a pencil line on your chromatography paper
-place substance on chromatography paper on the line
-dip your paper into your solvent
-wait for the solvent to go up the paper
-the mixture will split up into pure substances
-Use Rf value to determine the substace
Rf Value
Distance of substance
_________________
Distance of solvent
Methods of purification
Filtration, simple distillation, crystallization, paper chromatography, evaporation, fractional distillation
Filtration (tools)
Filter paper, filter funnel, beaker and clamp
what is Filtration
Separating a solid from a liquid
what is Crystallization
Separating dissolved solid(solute) from liquid
Crystallization (how to)
*Heat the solution, the quantity will reduce as excess liquid evaporates
*Let solution cool to rtp, crystals will form
*Remove crystals by filtering
*Rinse crystals with distilled water and dry
what is simple distillation
Separating a solvent from a solution
What is paper chromatography
Separating different substances from a solution
Filtration (how to)
- Clamp your filter funnel above beaker
- Add filter paper
- Pour the mixture through the filter paper
- You will be left with the residue in the filter paper and the filtrate in the beaker
Simple distillation (tools)
Flask, condenser, beaker, bunsen burner, tripod, gauze, bung,
Simple distillation (how to)
- Set up
- Heat the solution.
- The vapour will rise and go into the condenser and the solute stays behind
- As you pump cold water through the condenser it condenses the vapour back to a liquid
- Pure distilled liquid drips into the beaker
What is evapouration
a liquid going to a gas
Evaporation (tools)
Evaporating dish and heat
Evaporation (how to)
-Place substance in dish (e.g. salt water)
-Heat
-the water will evaporate and you’ll be left with salt
-Rinse with distilled water
What is fractional distillation
Separating liquid from liquid
Fractional distillation (tools)
Fractionating column, thermometer, condenser, flask, beaker, heat, tripod, gauze
Fractional distillation (how to)
- Heat solution
- the 2 liquids vapour rise up to the column
- the vapours condense on the beads and the beads slowly heat up
- when the beads reach the boiling point of the liquid with the lowest boiling point the vapour of the liquid with the higher bp condenses on the beads and drips back into the flask
- the liquid with the lower bp’s vapour goes up and through the condenser
- pure distilled liquid drips into the beaker
- when the thermometer goes above the bp of the first liquid you know it’s all gone and to change the beaker
