Purification

Question 1

Paper chromatography (parts needed)

Answer 1

*Chromatography paper
*Solvent
*Substance
*Pencil
*locating agent (maybe)

Question 2

Paper chromatography (how to)

Answer 2

-Draw a pencil line on your chromatography paper
-place substance on chromatography paper on the line
-dip your paper into your solvent
-wait for the solvent to go up the paper
-the mixture will split up into pure substances
-Use Rf value to determine the substace

Question 3

Rf Value

Answer 3

Distance of substance
_________________
Distance of solvent

Question 4

Methods of purification

Answer 4

Filtration, simple distillation, crystallization, paper chromatography, evaporation, fractional distillation

Question 5

Filtration (tools)

Answer 5

Filter paper, filter funnel, beaker and clamp

Question 6

what is Filtration

Answer 6

Separating a solid from a liquid

Question 7

what is Crystallization

Answer 7

Separating dissolved solid(solute) from liquid

Question 8

Crystallization (how to)

Answer 8

*Heat the solution, the quantity will reduce as excess liquid evaporates
*Let solution cool to rtp, crystals will form
*Remove crystals by filtering
*Rinse crystals with distilled water and dry

Question 9

what is simple distillation

Answer 9

Separating a solvent from a solution

Question 10

What is paper chromatography

Answer 10

Separating different substances from a solution

Question 11

Filtration (how to)

Answer 11

1. Clamp your filter funnel above beaker
2. Add filter paper
3. Pour the mixture through the filter paper
4. You will be left with the residue in the filter paper and the filtrate in the beaker

Question 12

Simple distillation (tools)

Answer 12

Flask, condenser, beaker, bunsen burner, tripod, gauze, bung,

Question 13

Simple distillation (how to)

Answer 13

1. Set up
2. Heat the solution.
3. The vapour will rise and go into the condenser and the solute stays behind
4. As you pump cold water through the condenser it condenses the vapour back to a liquid
5. Pure distilled liquid drips into the beaker

Question 14

What is evapouration

Answer 14

a liquid going to a gas

Question 15

Evaporation (tools)

Answer 15

Evaporating dish and heat

Question 16

Evaporation (how to)

Answer 16

-Place substance in dish (e.g. salt water)
-Heat
-the water will evaporate and you’ll be left with salt
-Rinse with distilled water

Question 17

What is fractional distillation

Answer 17

Separating liquid from liquid

Question 18

Fractional distillation (tools)

Answer 18

Fractionating column, thermometer, condenser, flask, beaker, heat, tripod, gauze

Question 19

Fractional distillation (how to)

Answer 19

1. Heat solution
2. the 2 liquids vapour rise up to the column
3. the vapours condense on the beads and the beads slowly heat up
4. when the beads reach the boiling point of the liquid with the lowest boiling point the vapour of the liquid with the higher bp condenses on the beads and drips back into the flask
5. the liquid with the lower bp’s vapour goes up and through the condenser
6. pure distilled liquid drips into the beaker
7. when the thermometer goes above the bp of the first liquid you know it’s all gone and to change the beaker