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Anatomy Exam 3 > Pure definitions > Flashcards

Pure definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Levator ani

A

Muscle medial to cygeus muscle, broad and thin
Origin: medial edge of body of ilium and dorsal surface of pubis
Termination: anal area
Action: moves the tail

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2
Q

Coccygeus

A

Lateral to levator ani, short and thick
Origin: ischiatic spine
Termination: transverse processes of caudal vertebrae
Action: Support contractions during defecation

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3
Q

Pelvic plexus

A

Lies slightly caudal in pelvis, dorsal to prostate, closely applied to surface of rectum and vaginal/prostatic artery
Hypogastric nerve runs to it
Contains sympathetic fibers from the hypogastric nerve and parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic nerve

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4
Q

Pelvic nerve

A

Formed by parasympathetic pre-ganglionic axons that leave ventral branches of three sacral spinal nerves
Supplies branches to urogenital organs, rectum, and descending colon

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5
Q

Pararectal fossa

A

Extension of the peritoneal cavity dorsal to rectum, continuous ventrally with the space between rectum and uterus/prostate (rectogenital pouch)

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6
Q

Rectogenital pouch

A

Space ventral to rectum and continuous with pararectal fossa on dorsal side, between rectum and uterus/prostate

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7
Q

Vesicogenital pouch

A

Space between the uterus and bladder, does not exist in males, communicates dorsally with rectogenital pouch on both sides of uterus

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8
Q

Pubovesical pouch

A

Pouch between bladder and ventral body wall, divided by the median ligament of the bladder ventrally, communicates directly with vesicogenital pouch in females and the rectogenital pouch in males

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9
Q

Iliac arteries

A

Paired, supply pelvis and pelvic limb, internals terminate the aorta (most caudal), externals become femoral artery

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10
Q

Vascular lacuna

A

Spot where external iliac leaves abdomen and becomes femoral artery

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11
Q

Umbilical artery

A

In fetus: large, paired, carries blood from aorta to placenta through umbilicus
In adult: round ligament of the bladder

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12
Q

Round ligament of the bladder

A

Remnant of umbilical artery, arises near origin of internal iliac artery and courses to the apex of the bladder

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13
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A

Branches from internal iliac, smaller more ventral branch, gives rise to vaginal/prostatic artery

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14
Q

Vaginal or prostatic artery

A

Forms an angle of 45 degrees with internal pudendal, passes ventrally in an arch and terminates in cranial and caudal branches, supplies bladder and/or uterus and rectum

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15
Q

Artery of the penis

A

Caudoventral continuation of the internal pudendal artery, terminates at the level of the ischial arch and turns into three branches

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16
Q

Artery of the bulb of the penis

A

Branches from artery of penis, supplies corpus spongiosum penis and penile urethra

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17
Q

Deep artery of the penis

A

Branch from artery of penis just distal to artery of the bulb, enters corpus cavernosum penis at the crus

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18
Q

Dorsal artery of the penis

A

Continuation of the artery of the penis, runs on the dorsal penis surface to bulbus glandis where it branches to supply prepuce and pars longa glandis

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19
Q

Median ligament of the bladder

A

Leaves ventral surface of bladder and attaches to ventral body wall as far cranially as umbilicus

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20
Q

Lateral ligament of the bladder

A

One on each side, attaches to dorsal/lateral surface of bladder and pelvic wall

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21
Q

Urethral muscle

A

Confined to the pelvis, wraps around pelvic urethra to serve as a voluntary sphincter to retain urine

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22
Q

Rugae

A

Folds that can form within the mucosa of the bladder as a result of inelasticity

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23
Q

Trigone of the bladder

A

Area inside where the ureters and deferent ducts come in (line from bladder neck to prostate)

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24
Q

Rectum

A

Continuation of the descending colon through the pelvis, begins at the pelvic inlet

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25
Q

Anal canal

A

Continuation of the rectum to the anus

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26
Q

Paranal sinus

A

Anal sacs, ventrolateral openings on each side within the cutaneous zone of anal canal

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27
Q

External sphincter muscle

A

Striated muscle surrounding the anal canal

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28
Q

Anus

A

External opening of anal canal

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29
Q

Internal sphincter muscle

A

Enlargement of smooth circular muscle coat of anal canal

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30
Q

Rectococcygeus muscle

A

Muscle from the dorsal rectum to the ventral tail
Origin: dorsal surface of rectum
Termination: caudal vertebrae

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31
Q

Prostate gland

A

Completely surrounds the neck of the bladder and beginning of urethra, flattened dorsally, rounded ventrally and laterally

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32
Q

Genital fold

A

Membrane between the two deferent ducts on the dorsal surface of the bladder

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33
Q

Prepuce

A

Tubular sheath over the glans penis (“fur coat”)

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34
Q

Corpus cavernosum penis

A

In the root of the penis, fleshy internal parts seen upon cross section, vascular

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35
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Thick fibrous tunic that surrounds the corpus cavernosum in the root of the penis (white part surround penis cross section)

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36
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscle

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Termination: distal crus of the penis
This muscle extends from below the pelvis to attach to the penis from its beginning near where it starts to extend down below the rectum

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37
Q

Retractor penis muscle

A

Elongated slip of mixed smooth and striated muscle that runs along the ventral surface of the entire penis
Origin: ventral surface of sacrum/first two caudal vertebrae (blends with external anal sphincter)
Termination: glans of the penis

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38
Q

Bulbospongiosus muscle

A

Bulges of muscle on either side of the retractor penis muscle, fibers run transversely where they cover the bulb of the penis and longitudinally where they extend onto the body

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39
Q

Corpus spongiosum penis

A

Surrounds the urethra

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40
Q

Bulb of the penis

A

Covered by bulbospongiosus muscle, bilobed dorsal expansion of corpus spongiosum located at the ischial arch, in the root

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41
Q

Body

A

Part of the penis between the root and the glans, covers the very caudal portion of the os penis

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42
Q

Glans

A

Lower part of the penis
Bulbus glandis: proximal part, surrounds proximal part of os penis, dorsal extension of corpus spongiosum, expansile vascular structure responsible for keeping penis in the vagina (“knot”)
Pars longa glandis: cavernous tissue structure that overlaps distal part of bulbus glandis and continues to end of penis, encapsulates os penis and urethra

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43
Q

Os penis

A

Bone that lies in glans penis, grooved ventrally for urethra

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44
Q

Urethral groove

A

Ventral groove in os penis for the urethra and corpus spongiosum

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45
Q

Vestibule

A

Area of the female repro tract between the vagina and the vulva, vagina and urethra open into this space

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46
Q

Urethral tubercle

A

Projects from the cranial floor of vestibule at the level of the ischial arch, separation between the opening of the vagina (dorsal) and the urethra (ventral)

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47
Q

Vulva

A

External opening of the vagina, two labia and urogenital orifice (rima pudendi)

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48
Q

Caudal gluteal artery

A

Larger of the two terminal branches of the internal iliac artery, arises opposite the sacroiliac joint and passes caudally, passes caudally parallel and dorsal to internal pudendal artery

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49
Q

Vascular lacuna

A

Opening through which the external iliac artery leaves through the abdominal wall

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50
Q

Medial circumflex femoral artery

A

Also leaves through vascular lacuna, passes caudally between quadriceps and pectineus and terminates in adductor

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51
Q

Deep branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery

A

Descends distally between adductor and vastus medialis, supplies adductor, vastus medialis, obturator muscles, and the hip joint capsule

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52
Q

Transverse branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery

A

Passes caudally through the adductor muscle, supplies adductor and semimembranosus

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53
Q

Femoral artery

A

Continuation of the external iliac artery through the vascular lacuna

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54
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac artery

A

Branches from the lateral side of the femoral artery near/with the lateral circumflex femoral artery, courses cranially, supplies both parts of sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris
Becomes more superficial at the cranial ventral iliac spine of tuber coxae

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55
Q

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

A

Large branch from proximal femoral artery that passes between rectus femoris and the vastus medialis, supplies quadriceps, tensor fasciae latae, superficial and middle gluteals, and the hip joint capsule

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56
Q

Proximal caudal femoral artery

A

Branches from femoral caudally roughly half way between the hip and the stifle, supplies pectineus, adductor, and gracilis

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57
Q

Saphenous artery

A

Branches from the caudal side of the femoral distal to the proximal caudal femoral artery, but proximal to the stifle
Supplies skin on the medial side of the stifle and terminates in cranial and caudal branches

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58
Q

Cranial branch of the saphenous artery

A

Branches cranially from main saphenous at the level of the stifle, courses across medial surface of tibia and passes distally on cranial tibial muscle, terminates at proximal metatarsus as dorsal common digital arteries

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59
Q

Caudal branch of the saphenous artery

A

Branches caudally from main saphenous at the level of the stifle, lies between medial head of gastrocnemius and the tibia, supplies branches to tarsus and deep structures of proximal metatarsus (plantar common digital arteries)

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60
Q

Medial saphenous vein

A

Originates in the paw, terminates in the femoral artery near where the saphenous artery originates

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61
Q

Lateral saphenous vein

A

Does NOT have a specific paired artery, formed by cranial and caudal branches in the leg, arises from veins in the paw and terminates in the distal caudal femoral vein

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62
Q

Descending genicular artery

A

Branches cranially from the femoral very near but just distal to saphenous artery, supplies medial surface of the stifle

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63
Q

Middle caudal femoral artery

A

Branches slightly caudally off femoral distal to descending genicular, but proximal to stifle
Dives in to semimembranosus muscle where it supplies that and the adductor

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64
Q

Distal caudal femoral artery

A

Large and final caudally reaching branch of the femoral, continues branching around the back of the stifle

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65
Q

Popliteal artery

A

Continuation of the femoral artery, passes between the two heads of the gastroctnemius and courses through the popliteal notch of the tibia, perforates the lateral digital flexor to reach interosseus space
Supplies stifle, gastroctnemius, and popliteus

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66
Q

Cranial tibial artery

A

Continuation of the popliteal artery, passes between tibia and fibula
Supplies fibularis longus, long digital extensor, and cranial tibial muscles

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67
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

Consists of the ventral branches of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

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68
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Arises from 4th-6th lumbar spinal nerves, formed within caudomedial portion of iliopsoas muscle and runs caudoventrally along the body of the ilium, perforates medial side of levator ani muscle, and leaves pelvis by passing through obturator foramen
Supplies adductor muscles of the limb (external obturator, pectineus, gracilis, and adductor)

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69
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Arises from 4th, 5th, and sometimes 6th lumbar spinal nerves, emerges from iliopsoas muscle, branches into saphenous nerve
Supplies iliopsoas and all four heads of the quadriceps

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70
Q

Caudal cutaneous femoral nerve

A

United with pudendal nerve for most of its course in the pelvis, follows caudal gluteal artery to the level of the ischiatic tuberosity where it becomes superficial, terminates in the skin on the proximal caudal half of the thigh

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71
Q

Caudal gluteal nerve

A

Passes over ischiatic notch medial to middle gluteal and enters medial surface of superficial gluteal

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72
Q

Cranial gluteal nerve

A

Passes over greater ischiatic notch and crosses lateral surface of ilium at the origin of the deep gluteal
Innervates middle and deep gluteal and the tensor fasciae latae

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73
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Arises from last two lumbar and first two sacral spinal nerves, passes caudally over the hip medial to greater trochanter, and courses distally towards the stifle on the lateral side of the limb
Very large nerve with branches that innervate internal obturator, gemelli, quadratus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the skin on the lateral and caudal surfaces of the crus

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74
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

Branch of the distal sciatic that arises mainly from L6 and L7, crosses lateral head of gastrocnemius, extends a bit more distally, and enters muscles on the cranial side of the crus
Innervates flexor muscles of the tarsus and extensor muscles of the digits (cranial tibial, fibularis longus, and long digital extensor)

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75
Q

Dorsal pedal artery

A

Continuation of the cranial tibial artery after the talocrural joint, supplies tarsus

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76
Q

Tibial nerve

A

Arises from L7 and S1, caudal portion of the sciatic nerve (common fibular nerve would be the cranial portion), passes between the heads of the gastrocnemius, supplies muscles caudal to tibia and fibula (extensors of tarsus, flexors of digits), both heads of gastroctnemius, superficial digital flexor, popliteus, and both deep digital flexors

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77
Q

Vaginal tunic (male)/ vaginal process (female)

A

Blind extension of peritoneum through the inguinal canal to a subQ position outside the body wall

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78
Q

Spermatic fascia

A

Continuation of abdominal fascia that surrounds all the structures emerging from the superficial inguinal ring

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79
Q

Mesorchium

A

Connecting mesentery within the vaginal tunic that contains the vessels and nerves of the testis

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80
Q

Mesoductus deferens

A

Connecting mesentery within the vaginal tunic that contains the ductus deferens and the vessels and nerves specifically associated with the ductus deferens

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81
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Composed of the ductus deferens and the testicular artery and vein, carried through the inguinal canal by the descent of the testes

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82
Q

Ductus deferens

A

Carries spermatozoa from epididymis to the urethra, arises from tail of epididymis at the caudal end of the testis

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83
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

Venous plexus wrapping around the testicular artery

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84
Q

Ligament of the tail of the epididymis

A

Connective tissue that connects the epididymis to the vaginal tunic and spermatic fascia at the caudal extremity of the spermatic fascia (also where visceral peritoneum becomes parietal peritoneum)

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85
Q

Epididymis

A

Lies on the lateral side of the testis, consists of a head, body, and tail (tail is continuous with ductus deferens), stores and transports maturing spermatozoa

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86
Q

Proper ligament of the testes

A

Attaches the tail of the epididymis to the testes

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87
Q

Philtrum

A

Median groove that separates the right and left parts of the nose and superior lips

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88
Q

Platysma

A

Cutaneous muscle that passes from the dorsal median raphe of the neck to the angle of the mouth, covers the ventrolateral surface of the face

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89
Q

Tunica dartos

A

Muscle between the scrotum and the testicle that scrunches the scrotum around the testicle when it gets cold

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90
Q

Urethral crest

A

Protrusion into the lumen on the dorsal wall of the urethra as it passes through the prostate gland, covered in small openings that allow prostate secretions to exit

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91
Q

Colliculus seminalis

A

Area at the tip of the urethral crest where the ductus deferens connects to be able to deposit sperm into the urethra

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92
Q

Cranial nerve I

A

Olfactory nerve, responsible for olfaction, enters through the cribriform foramina, special visceral afferent fiber

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93
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve, responsible for vision, enters through the optic canal, special somatic afferent fiber

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94
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Oculomotor nerve, exits through orbital fissure, sends general somatic efferent motor fibers to the ventral oblique, levator palpebrae superioris, and dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus of eye, sends general visceral efferent parasympathetic fibers to the sphincter muscle of iris and ciliary muscle

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95
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear nerve, exits through orbital fissure, innervates the dorsal oblique muscle of the eye, general somatic efferent fibers

96
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal nerve with an ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branch
Ophthalmic branch: general somatic afferent fibers, picks up sensory information from the eye and surrounding areas, enters through the orbital fissure
Maxillary branch: general somatic afferent fibers, picks up sensory information from the superior arcade and lip, enters through the round foramen/rostral alar foramen
Mandibular branch: general somatic afferent fibers that pick up sensory information from the inferior arcade, lip, and tongue, special visceral efferent fibers to innervate chewing muscles, enters/exits through oval foramen

97
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens nerve, general somatic efferent fibers to innervate lateral rectus muscle and and retractor bulbi muscle of eye, exits through orbital fissure

98
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A

Facial nerve
Special visceral efferent fibers to innervate most muscles of facial expression and caudal half of digastricus muscle
Special visceral afferent fibers to bring in information on taste from rostral 2/3 of tongue
General visceral efferent fibers (parasympathetic) to lacrimal, nasal, palatine, mandibular, and sublingual glands
General visceral afferent fibers to pick up information from soft palate and nasopharynx
All exit/enter through stylomastoid foramen

99
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve, special somatic afferent fibers to pick up information on balance and hearing, does not leave the skull

100
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Special visceral afferent fibers to pick up taste from caudal third of tongue
General visceral efferent fibers (parasympathetic) to innervate parotid and zygomatic salivary glands
General visceral afferent fibers to pick up information from pharynx and carotid sinus
Special visceral efferent fibers to innervate pharyngeal muscle
All enter/exit through tympano-occipital fissure

101
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus nerve
General visceral efferent fibers to innervate smooth muscle and glands of heart, digestive system, and respiratory system
General visceral afferent fibers to pick up information from respiratory and digestive systems
Special visceral efferent fibers to innervate pharynx and larynx
Special visceral afferent fibers for some taste from pharynx
General somatic afferent fibers for information from external auditory canal
All enter/exit through tympano-occipital fissure

102
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

Accessory nerve, special visceral efferent fibers to innervate trapezius, sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus, and omotransversarius, exits through tympano-occipital fissure

103
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve, general somatic efferent fibers to innervate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue, exits through hypoglossal canal

104
Q

Parietal bone

A

Caudal part of top of skull

105
Q

Frontal bone

A

Rostral part of top of skull over frontal sinuses

106
Q

Sagittal crest

A

Crest on top of caudal skull

107
Q

Nuchal crest

A

Crest as it becomes the very back (no longer top) of the skull and extends laterally

108
Q

Temporal fossa

A

Flat parts on either side of the crest on top of skull, includes most of the parietal bone and some of the frontal bone

109
Q

Temporal bone

A

Caudal part of zygomatic arch that extends to the lateral sides of the skull

110
Q

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

A

Part of temporal bone that touches zygomatic arch

111
Q

Nasal bone

A

Runs right along the top of the snout

112
Q

Maxilla

A

Sides of the top jaw

113
Q

Incisive bone

A

Bone at tip of snout where incisors attach

114
Q

Nasal aperture

A

Curved area where the nose would sit

115
Q

Orbit

A

Separates eye from cranial cavity

116
Q

Orbital margin

A

Formed by frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones

117
Q

Orbital ligament

A

Forms the lateral border of the orbit, extends from frontal process of zygomatic bone to zygomatic process of frontal bone

118
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Arches between eyes and cheeks

119
Q

Optic canal

A

Most rostral of the three openings within the orbit

120
Q

Orbital fissure

A

Middle of the three openings in the orbit

121
Q

Rostral alar foramen

A

Most caudal of the three openings within the orbit

122
Q

Maxillary foramen

A

Caudal opening of the infraorbital canal where infraorbital artery dives into

123
Q

Infraorbital foramen

A

Dorsal to third pre-molar on maxillary bone, rostral opening of infraorbital canal

124
Q

Alveolar juga

A

Lateral projections/bumps created by the roots of the cheek teeth

125
Q

Occipital condyle

A

Little “hooks”/protrusions at the back of the skull on wither side of where the spine comes out

126
Q

Paracondylar process

A

Bony protrusions lateral to occipital condyle that mark the lateral most edges of the occipital bone

127
Q

Tympanic bullae

A

Bulges on the bottom of the skull that enclose middle ear cavity

128
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

Opening on lateral side of tympanic bullae, usually covered by the tympanic membrane

129
Q

Alar canal

A

Contains the round foramen

130
Q

Caudal alar foramen

A

Caudal opening to the short alar canal

131
Q

Oval foramen

A

Opening just caudolateral to caudal alar foramen, direct opening into the cranial cavity

132
Q

Tympano-occipital fissure

A

Oblong opening in the caudal part of the tympanic bullae right before the occipital bone starts

133
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Lies caudomedial to tympano-occipital fissure, passage for the hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

134
Q

Mandibular canal

A

Canal that runs from the medial side of the ramus of the mandible (caudal wing) down through the body of it, and out on the rostral/lateral aspect of the mandible, transmits inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve

135
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Opening between the tympanic bullae and mastoid process of temporal bone, opening of facial canal for facial nerve

136
Q

Hard palate

A

Bony ridges, more rostral

137
Q

Choanae

A

Openings of the right and left nasal cavities into the nasopharynx located at the caudal end of the hard palate where the vomer bone communicates with the palatine bones

138
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Where spinal cord comes out

139
Q

Coronoid process

A

Dorsal part of ramus of mandible, upper most wing

140
Q

Mandibular foramen

A

Opening on medial side of mandible, caudal opening of mandibular canal

141
Q

Mental foramina

A

Rostral opening of the mandibular canal, lateral side of rostral mandible

142
Q

Condylar process

A

Process on back of mandible that helps form temporo-mandibular joint

143
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Joint between mandible and skull

144
Q

Hyoid apparatus

A

Composed of hyoid bones behind mandible, suspends tongue and larynx from skull, extends from mastoid process of skull to thyroid cartilage of larynx

145
Q

Incisor teeth

A

Dogs have 3 on each side (top and bottom), each has one root, front teeth

146
Q

Canine teeth

A

One on each side top and bottom, each has one large root, pointy teeth

147
Q

Cheek teeth

A

Pre-molars, molars

148
Q

Pre-molars

A

Dogs have 4 on each side top and bottom, 1 (top and bottom) has one root, 2 and 3 (top and bottom) have 2 roots, 4 on the top has three roots, and 4 on the bottom has two roots

149
Q

Molars

A

Dogs have 2 on top, 3 on bottom, top two have 3 roots, first two on bottom have two roots, last one on bottom has one root

150
Q

Crown

A

Top of tooth

151
Q

Root

A

Concealed part of tooth

152
Q

Vestibular surface

A

Lateral sides of teeth that touch cheeks

153
Q

Neck

A

Narrowing of tooth between crown and root

154
Q

Lingual surface

A

Medial side of teeth that touches tongue

155
Q

Contact surface

A

Parts of teeth that touch the teeth next to it

156
Q

Occlusal surface

A

Parts of teeth where top and bottom teeth touch each other

157
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Contains many cribiform foramina at the very back of the nasal cavity right behind ethmoid bone, forms the rostral border of the cranial cavity

158
Q

Nasal aperture

A

Where the bony part of the nasal cavity begins

159
Q

Conchae

A

Bony scrolls within the nasal cavity

160
Q

Dorsal nasal concha

A

Most dorsal protrusion within nasal cavity

161
Q

Ventral nasal concha

A

Most ventral maze of protrusions in nasal cavity

162
Q

Nasal septum

A

Cartilage and bone that separates right and left nasal cavities

163
Q

Septal cartilage

A

Forms rostral two thirds of nasal septum and makes sure nose does not collapse

164
Q

Dorsal nasal meatus

A

Upper most cavity created by dorsal nasal concha

165
Q

Middle nasal meatus

A

Cavities created between dorsal and ventral conchae

166
Q

Ventral nasal meatus

A

Lower most cavities below ventral concha

167
Q

Common nasal meatus

A

Cavity right next to the septum

168
Q

Frontal sinus

A

Cavities behind frontal bone

169
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

Cavity of the middle ear inside tympanic bullae, communicates with nasopharynx via auditory canal

170
Q

Articular disk

A

Cartilaginous disk in temporomandibular joint

171
Q

Mandibular symphysis

A

Meeting between the two halves of the mandibles

172
Q

Philtrum

A

Median groove of nose

173
Q

Superior palpebrae

A

Upper eyelid

174
Q

Inferior palpebrae

A

Lower eyelid

175
Q

Medial palpebral commissure

A

Where eyelids meet medially

176
Q

Lateral palpebral commissure

A

Where eyelids meet laterally

177
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

A

Inner mucus coating of eyelids

178
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

A

Mucus coating as the inner eyelid reflects onto the surface of the eye

179
Q

Conjunctival sac

A

Cavity formed by the eyelids and the front of the eyeball

180
Q

Lacrimal puncta

A

Small openings of lacrimal ducts at medial commissures, one on each lid

181
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Makes tears, sits ventral to zygomatic process of frontal bone, secretes into dorsolateral part of conjunctival sac

182
Q

Lacrimal duct

A

Takes tears from the lacrimal puncta to the lacrimal sac

183
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

Holds tears between lacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

184
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Takes tears from lacrimal sac to the ventral nasal meatus in rostral part of nasal cavity

185
Q

Third eyelid

A

Sits behind bottom eyelid, concave fold of palpebral conjunctiva and cartilage that extends from medial corner of eye, has glands

186
Q

Scutiform cartilage

A

Small boot shaped plate in the muscles rostral and medial to the external ear

187
Q

Vestibule

A

Part of mouth between inner cheeks and teeth

188
Q

Parotid duct

A

Opens on papilla above the upper fourth pre-molar

189
Q

Ducts of zygomatic gland

A

Opens into the vestibule lateral to the last upper molar tooth

190
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

Inside of teeth

191
Q

Palatoglossal arch

A

Tissue extending from body of tongue to beginning of soft palate

192
Q

Vallate papillae

A

Largest papillae on the back of the tongue, have taste buds

193
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Tissue on bottom of tongue

194
Q

Lyssa

A

Fibrous band on ventral side of tongue from apex to where frenulum connects

195
Q

Sublingual caruncle

A

Elevation of mucosa to the lateral side of where the frenulum begins

196
Q

Sublingual fold

A

Caudal extension of sublingual caruncle

197
Q

Mandibular duct

A

Opens on/near sublingual caruncle

198
Q

Major sublingual duct

A

Also opens on sublingual caruncle

199
Q

Mandibular salivary gland

A

Most caudal salivary gland

200
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Just rostral to mandibular gland

201
Q

Parotid salivary gland

A

Under ear

202
Q

Pharynx

A

Consists of nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, and oropharynx

203
Q

Oropharynx

A

Starts at palatoglossal arches and ends at epiglottis, contains semi-lunar folds that contain tonsils

204
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

In oropharynx within semilunar folds

205
Q

Semilunar fold

A

In upper part of oropharynx, contians tonsil

206
Q

Opening of nasolacrimal duct

A

Opens into ventral nasal meatus in the rostral part of each nasal cavity

207
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Starts at choanae and ends at palatopharyngeal arch, contains the auditory tube that communicates with the tympanic cavity

208
Q

Palatopharyngeal arch

A

Extends caudally on each side from the soft palate to the dorsolateral wall of nasopharynx

209
Q

Auditory tube

A

Tube that runs from the upper part of nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity, why our ears pop when we yawn

210
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Starts caudal to palatopharyngeal arches and stops at the limus (bumps before the start of the esophagus)

211
Q

Pharyngoesophageal limen

A

Bumps where esophagus begins

212
Q

Cricopharyngeus

A

Arises from lateral surface of cricoid cartilage and inserts on the median raphe of laryngopharynx, most caudal and blends with esophagus

213
Q

Thyropharyngeus

A

Arises from lateral side of thyroid lamina, and inserts on medial raphe of pharynx

214
Q

Hyopharyngeus

A

Arises from lateral surface of thyroid bone and ceratohyoid bone, inserts on median dorsal raphe of pharynx

215
Q

Epiglottic cartilage

A

First part of laryngeal cartilage, folded hands, attached to basihyoid bone

216
Q

Aryepiglottic fold

A

Lateral folds of epiglottis created from back ends of epiglottis attaching to the arytenoid cartilage

217
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Forms a deep trough that is open at the top

218
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

Attaches the caudal dorsal piece of thyroid cartilage to the caudolateral side of cricoid cartilage

219
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Forms a complete ring that is partially within the thyroid cartilage, keeps the trachea open

220
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Paired and irregular, attaches to the base of the epiglottis and sits within the thyroid cartilage mostly, attached to the vocal ligament and moves it to create sound

221
Q

Vocal fold

A

Attached between the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage and the midventral part of the thyroid cartilage

222
Q

Vestibular fold

A

Forms rostral boundary of laryngeal ventricle

223
Q

Laryngeal ventricle

A

Diverticulum bounded laterally by thyroid cartilage and medially by arytenoid cartilage

224
Q

Cricothyroid muscle

A

Passes from cricoid cartilage to thyroid lamina, pulls the two closer together, innervated by laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus nerve)

225
Q

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A

Arises from dorsolateral part of cricoid cartilage, and inserts on lateral surface of arytenoid cartilage, rotates arytenoid to move vocal cords

226
Q

Auricular cartilage

A

Cone shaped cartilage of ear

227
Q

Marginal cutaneous sac

A

Pouch formed on lateral portion of ear

228
Q

Temporalis muscle

A

Lateral side of the jaw, arises from temporal fossa and inserts on coronoid process of mandible, closes mouth

229
Q

Masseter muscle

A

Medial side of jaw, arises from zygomatic arch and inserts on masseteric fossa (ventrolateral surface of mandible ramus) and angular process, closes mouth

230
Q

Zygomatic salivary gland

A

Sits under eyeball and drains into ducts above the last upper molar

231
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid muscle

A

On inside of mandible next to masseter muscle, arise from pterygopalatine fossa and inserts on medial side of mandible, closes mouth

232
Q

Digastricus

A

Arises from paracondylar process of occipital bone and inserts on body of mandible, opens mouth

233
Q

Genioglossus

A

Lingual muscle, most medial, arises from intermandibular articulation and insert on median plane

234
Q

Sternohyoideus

A

Arises from sternum, inserts on basihyoid bone, pulls hyoid apparatus (and thus the larynx) caudally after swallowing to put larynx back in place

235
Q

Thyrohyoideus

A

Dorsal to sternohyoideus,

Anatomy Exam 3 (2 decks)

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