PURCOM Flashcards
m1 to 3
1
Q
“Communication works for those who
work at it”
A
John powell
2
Q
means ‘to make common’ (weekly,1967) or ‘to share’ (DeVito,1986)
A
communicare
3
Q
“a common understanding of something”.
A
Chase and Shamo
4
Q
the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning
through human symbolic interaction.
A
Seiler & Beall
5
Q
that communication is a
systematic process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create
and interpret meanings
A
woods, 2004
6
Q
communication pertained to a process which is always changing, always in motion
A
DeVito
7
Q
give the right order of the process of communicating
A
source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback
8
Q
sender of the message
A
source
9
Q
This is the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the
information into verbal or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the
receiver.
A
encoding
10
Q
information that u wanted to convey, without it, you have no reason for communicating
A
message
11
Q
- This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the
meaning suggested by the sender.
A
decoding
12
Q
This is the manner in which the message or information is
conveyed.
A
channel
13
Q
person who will get your message
A
receiver
14
Q
receiver’s response to the message
A
feedback
15
Q
- This refers to the situation in which the communication takes
place. It includes the environment, relationship between communicators, respective cultural backgrounds and past experiences and the topics/subjects of
the communication (Hall, 1997 in Chase & Shamo, 2013).
A
context
16
Q
“[a]nything that distorts the message intended by the source, anything that interferes
with the receiver’s receiving the message as the source intended the message to be
received”.
A
noise
17
Q
It refers to the distractions in the environment
that make it difficult to hear or pay attention.
A
physical noise
18
Q
It pertains to mechanisms within individuals that restrict a sender’s or receiver’s ability to express and/or understand messages clearly. It also includes biases and prejudices that lead to distortions in receiving and processing information. Close mindedness is an example of this noise.
A
Psychological noise
19
Q
According to DeVito, it is “the interference due
to the receiver failing to grasp the meanings intended by the sender.”
A
semantic noise
20
Q
3 faces of communication
A
(1) MODE, (2) CONTEXT, and
(3) PURPOSE AND STYLE.
21
Q
latin prefix meaning within inside, is the core of this concept
A
intra
22
Q
latin prefix meaning between, among, and together
A
inter
23
Q
there is only one person in this type of communication
A
intrapersonal
24
Q
the concept of communication between and among interlocutors
A
interpersonal
25
Basically, this focuses on the role of communication in any organizational context.
organizational communication
26
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: from people in the same level but in different departments
horizontal
27
FORMAL COMMUNICATION: top down, from the superior to the subordinate
downward
28
from people in different level in different departments
crosswise
29
bottom-up, from the lower to the upper positions
upward
30
baseless gossips and rumors
grapevine
31
respect for linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
professional differences is foregrounded.
intercultural communication
32
The main
objectives in this type of communication are to inform, entertain, persuade.
formal communication
33
Since the purpose of this type of
communication is to socialize or deepen relationship, the topic can be anything under
the sun.
informal commucation
34
widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a more simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc.
model
35
communication model focuses around the speaker as the main concept of this theory is that the speaker plays the most important role in communication and it is the only one who holds the responsibility to influence his/her audience through public speaking.
aristotle's coomunication model
36
5 primary elements in aristotle model
speaker
speech
occasion
audience
effect
37
takes into consideration the emotional aspect of
the message, operates on the SMCR model.
berlo's mode of communication
38
elements in berlo's
source, message, channel, receiver
39
this model is designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver
shannon-weaver's model of communication
40
they find factors which affect the communication process called
noise
41
it is a cricular model. vreaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way.
schramm model of communication
42
it is not a traditional model
schramm model
43
Semantic noise is a concept introduced here. It occurs when sender and receiver
apply different meaning to the same message.
schramm model
44
helical comes from
helix which means an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.
45
the bottom or starting is
very small then it gradually moves upward in a back and forth circular motion which
forms the bigger circle in the top and it is still moves further.
Helical Model of Communication
46
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
1. Know your purpose in communicating.
2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.
5. Work on the feedback given to you.
47
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear with your purpose.
2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
3. Be concise
4. be natural with your delivery
5. be specific and timely with your feedback
48
PRINCIPLES OF
EFFECTIVE WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear.
2. Be concise.
3. Be concrete.
4. Be correct.
5. Be coherent.
6. Be complete.
7. Be courteous.
49
Humans communicate even the very attempt of not
wanting to communicate communicates something.
inescapable
50
Once uttered, you can never take it back and its effect remains.
irreversible
51
A world does not have just one meaning, it is not used in the same way, and no two people use the same word alike.
complicated
52
6 people involved:
a) the person whom you think you are;
b) the person
whom you think the other person is;
c) the person whom you think the
other person thinks you are;
d) the person whom you think the other
person thinks he is;
e) the person whom the other person thinks you think
you are; and
f) the person whom the other person thinks you think he is
53
Communication does not happen in isolation
contextual
54
Factors: in contextual
1. Psychological (who you are: needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality)
2. Relational (reactions based on relationship: boss, colleague, friend)
3. Situational (psycho-social “where” you are communicating)
4. Environmental (physical setting “where” you are communicating)
5. Cultural ( learned behaviors and rules)
55
are our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to
follow them
morals
56
are rules accepted and approved by society so they are imposed upon everyone.
ethics
57
morals: ______ ; _______: societal
personal, ethics
58
Balance your rights against your responsibilities. Whenever, or whatever, you communicate,
RIGHTS vs. RESPONSIBILITIES
59
in situations where you have more power than others, u have more responsibility for the outcome
use of power
60
be sure that the end goal of ur communication and the means of getting to that are both ethical
ends vs. means
61
Both the sender and receiver have 100% responsibility to ensure
that message is understood.
audience
62
Be responsible for the consequences of your
relationships andcommunication.
accountability
63
Allow communication to commence with one another.
ACCESS TO INFORMATION.
64
Ensure that others have accurate information.
accuracy
65
Do not cause another person embarrassment or a
loss ofdignity.
INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY
66
Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours.
mutuality
67
Your point of view may not be shared by others.
RELATIVE TRUTH
68
Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication
1. There is no notion of feedback as the model is one way from speaker to audience.
2. There is no notion of communication failure such as noise and barriers.
3. This model can only be used mostly in public speaking.
69
Criticism of Berlo’s SMCR model of communication:
1. There is a lack of feedback. The effects are practically unknown.
2. It does not mention the barriers to communication.
3. There is no room for noise.
4. It is a rather complex model.
5. It is a linear model of communication.
6. It requires people to be on the same level for effective communication to happen. However, that rarely happens in everyday life.
7. The main drawback of the model is that it omits the usage of sixth sense as a
channel of communication, which is an asset to human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc.)
70
Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication
1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change
2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part
3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same
person
4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
5. Feedback – central feature. Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm
71
Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication
1. This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.
72
10 ethics in comms
1. mutuality
2. individual dignity
3. accuracy
4. access to information
5. accountability
6. audience
7. relative truth
8. ends vs. means
9. use of power
10. rights vs. responsibilities
73
four ethical principles according to the Credo for Ethical Consideration
1. advocate truthfulness,
2. accuracy,
3. honesty,
4. and reason as essential to the integrity of
communication
74
““No generation has had the opportunity, as
we now have, to build a global economy that
leaves no-one behind. It is a wonderful
opportunity, but also a profound
responsibility.”
former US President Bill Clinton
75
is the process of bringing
people together and making them and exchange
ideas in traditional borders (Nowaczyk, 2017).
globalization
76
true or false: The world driven largely by advances in
technology, has become inextricably interconnected
across distances and other boundaries (downing, 2007)
true
77
the increasing economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures
globalization
78
is one world interconnected by an electronic nervous system.
global village
79
electronic nervous system =???
media
80
Friedman (2005) coined globalization as the “____" of the world.
flattening
81
is indeed a popular and controversial issue,but it still remain a loose and poorly-defined concept.
globalization
82
Most of the times, globalization is used to
cover increases in trade and liberalization policies as well as reductions in transportation costs and technology transfer. true or false
true syempre
83
positive effects of glo
1 . Reducing the sense of isolation of poor countries. 2. Expanding the Information Society and Enhancing Access To Information.
3. Increasing the speed of commercial, financial and technological operations
4. Globalization can be a factor in integrating the people into the world community
5. Efficiency of the entire economic activity at the planetary level
84
Negative ef ects of globalization
1. Security deficit, poverty, personal insecurity, migration turns into a global threat;
2. There are no national solutions to transnational issues;
3. Demographic Deficit: is narrow national intellectual potential and increase export
of human resources;
4. Ecology deficiency: the natural world of the world is rapidly deteriorating in line
with the growth of the national and global economy;
5. Reducing the number of jobs.
85
Globalization accelerates economic
growth, increasing standards of living, but there are winners and losers
1. globalist
86
Globalization subjects developing nations
to severe trade and financial lending
practices, keeping nations trapped in
debt and millions trapped in poverty.
1. anti globalist
87
Globalization benefits the consumer by
increasing income and offering a greater
variety of lower-priced products and
services.
2. globalist
88
Globalization has resulted in record
corporate profit rates while the
worldwide income gap continues to
2, a-g
89
Globalization results in jobs being
shipped overseas to low-wage factories
with poor working conditions and abuses
of workers' rights.
3 a-g
90
Globalization increases employment and
wages and helps improve working
conditions and protect workers' rights.
3 g
91
Globalization helps clean up and protect
the environment by providing the
national wealth necessary to undertake
environmental improvements.
4 g
92
Globalization exploits local environments in the quest for corporate profit and contributes to worldwide global warming
4 a-g
93
Globalization helps developing nations
by accelerating economic growth and
lifting millions out of poverty.
5g
94
Globalization subjects developing nations
to severe trade and financial lending
practices, keeping nations trapped in
debt and millions trapped in poverty.
5 a-g
95
Globalization helps protect human rights. Economic freedom and political freedom
are closely linked.
6 g
96
Globalization supports a world trade in human bondage and slavery estimated in the millions
6 a-g
97
Globalization fosters the growth of
democratic governments, which have
almost doubled worldwide in just the last
decade.
7 g
98
Globalization threatens the sovereignty of the nation state by undermining national laws and regulations with the power of world trade and finance bodies
7 a-g
99
The culmination of globalization and
technology has resulted in a quality of life
unimaginable one hundred years ago. Life expectancy, literacy, human health, leisure, and living standards have
improved dramatically worldwide.
8 g
100
Globalization threatens public health, local economies, and the social fabric of agriculturally based societies.
8 a-g
101
