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prelim 2nd sem > PURCOM > Flashcards

PURCOM Flashcards

m1 to 3

1
Q

“Communication works for those who

work at it”

A

John powell

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2
Q

means ‘to make common’ (weekly,1967) or ‘to share’ (DeVito,1986)

A

communicare

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3
Q

“a common understanding of something”.

A

Chase and Shamo

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4
Q

the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning
through human symbolic interaction.

A

Seiler & Beall

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5
Q

that communication is a
systematic process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create
and interpret meanings

A

woods, 2004

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6
Q

communication pertained to a process which is always changing, always in motion

A

DeVito

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7
Q

give the right order of the process of communicating

A

source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback

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8
Q

sender of the message

A

source

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9
Q

This is the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the
information into verbal or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the
receiver.

A

encoding

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10
Q

information that u wanted to convey, without it, you have no reason for communicating

A

message

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11
Q
  • This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the
    meaning suggested by the sender.
A

decoding

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12
Q

This is the manner in which the message or information is
conveyed.

A

channel

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13
Q

person who will get your message

A

receiver

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14
Q

receiver’s response to the message

A

feedback

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15
Q
  • This refers to the situation in which the communication takes
    place. It includes the environment, relationship between communicators, respective cultural backgrounds and past experiences and the topics/subjects of
    the communication (Hall, 1997 in Chase & Shamo, 2013).
A

context

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16
Q

“[a]nything that distorts the message intended by the source, anything that interferes
with the receiver’s receiving the message as the source intended the message to be
received”.

A

noise

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17
Q

It refers to the distractions in the environment
that make it difficult to hear or pay attention.

A

physical noise

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18
Q

It pertains to mechanisms within individuals that restrict a sender’s or receiver’s ability to express and/or understand messages clearly. It also includes biases and prejudices that lead to distortions in receiving and processing information. Close mindedness is an example of this noise.

A

Psychological noise

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19
Q

According to DeVito, it is “the interference due
to the receiver failing to grasp the meanings intended by the sender.”

A

semantic noise

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20
Q

3 faces of communication

A

(1) MODE, (2) CONTEXT, and
(3) PURPOSE AND STYLE.

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21
Q

latin prefix meaning within inside, is the core of this concept

A

intra

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22
Q

latin prefix meaning between, among, and together

A

inter

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23
Q

there is only one person in this type of communication

A

intrapersonal

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24
Q

the concept of communication between and among interlocutors

A

interpersonal

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25
Q

Basically, this focuses on the role of communication in any organizational context.

A

organizational communication

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26
Q

FORMAL COMMUNICATION: from people in the same level but in different departments

A

horizontal

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27
Q

FORMAL COMMUNICATION: top down, from the superior to the subordinate

A

downward

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28
Q

from people in different level in different departments

A

crosswise

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29
Q

bottom-up, from the lower to the upper positions

A

upward

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30
Q

baseless gossips and rumors

A

grapevine

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31
Q

respect for linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
professional differences is foregrounded.

A

intercultural communication

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32
Q

The main
objectives in this type of communication are to inform, entertain, persuade.

A

formal communication

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33
Q

Since the purpose of this type of
communication is to socialize or deepen relationship, the topic can be anything under
the sun.

A

informal commucation

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34
Q

widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a more simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc.

A

model

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35
Q

communication model focuses around the speaker as the main concept of this theory is that the speaker plays the most important role in communication and it is the only one who holds the responsibility to influence his/her audience through public speaking.

A

aristotle’s coomunication model

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36
Q

5 primary elements in aristotle model

A

speaker
speech
occasion
audience
effect

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37
Q

takes into consideration the emotional aspect of
the message, operates on the SMCR model.

A

berlo’s mode of communication

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38
Q

elements in berlo’s

A

source, message, channel, receiver

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39
Q

this model is designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver

A

shannon-weaver’s model of communication

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40
Q

they find factors which affect the communication process called

A

noise

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41
Q

it is a cricular model. vreaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way.

A

schramm model of communication

42
Q

it is not a traditional model

A

schramm model

43
Q

Semantic noise is a concept introduced here. It occurs when sender and receiver
apply different meaning to the same message.

A

schramm model

44
Q

helical comes from

A

helix which means an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.

45
Q

the bottom or starting is
very small then it gradually moves upward in a back and forth circular motion which
forms the bigger circle in the top and it is still moves further.

A

Helical Model of Communication

46
Q

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Know your purpose in communicating.
  2. Know your audience.
  3. Know your topic.
  4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.
  5. Work on the feedback given to you.
47
Q

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Be clear with your purpose.
  2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
  3. Be concise
  4. be natural with your delivery
  5. be specific and timely with your feedback
48
Q

PRINCIPLES OF
EFFECTIVE WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Be clear.
  2. Be concise.
  3. Be concrete.
  4. Be correct.
  5. Be coherent.
  6. Be complete.
  7. Be courteous.
49
Q

Humans communicate even the very attempt of not
wanting to communicate communicates something.

A

inescapable

50
Q

Once uttered, you can never take it back and its effect remains.

A

irreversible

51
Q

A world does not have just one meaning, it is not used in the same way, and no two people use the same word alike.

A

complicated

52
Q

6 people involved:

A

a) the person whom you think you are;
b) the person
whom you think the other person is;
c) the person whom you think the
other person thinks you are;
d) the person whom you think the other
person thinks he is;
e) the person whom the other person thinks you think
you are; and
f) the person whom the other person thinks you think he is

53
Q

Communication does not happen in isolation

A

contextual

54
Q

Factors: in contextual

A
  1. Psychological (who you are: needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality)
  2. Relational (reactions based on relationship: boss, colleague, friend)
  3. Situational (psycho-social “where” you are communicating)
  4. Environmental (physical setting “where” you are communicating)
  5. Cultural ( learned behaviors and rules)
55
Q

are our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to
follow them

A

morals

56
Q

are rules accepted and approved by society so they are imposed upon everyone.

A

ethics

57
Q

morals: ______ ; _______: societal

A

personal, ethics

58
Q

Balance your rights against your responsibilities. Whenever, or whatever, you communicate,

A

RIGHTS vs. RESPONSIBILITIES

59
Q

in situations where you have more power than others, u have more responsibility for the outcome

A

use of power

60
Q

be sure that the end goal of ur communication and the means of getting to that are both ethical

A

ends vs. means

61
Q

Both the sender and receiver have 100% responsibility to ensure
that message is understood.

A

audience

62
Q

Be responsible for the consequences of your
relationships andcommunication.

A

accountability

63
Q

Allow communication to commence with one another.

A

ACCESS TO INFORMATION.

64
Q

Ensure that others have accurate information.

A

accuracy

65
Q

Do not cause another person embarrassment or a
loss ofdignity.

A

INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY

66
Q

Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours.

A

mutuality

67
Q

Your point of view may not be shared by others.

A

RELATIVE TRUTH

68
Q

Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication

A
  1. There is no notion of feedback as the model is one way from speaker to audience.
  2. There is no notion of communication failure such as noise and barriers.
  3. This model can only be used mostly in public speaking.
69
Q

Criticism of Berlo’s SMCR model of communication:

A
  1. There is a lack of feedback. The effects are practically unknown.
  2. It does not mention the barriers to communication.
  3. There is no room for noise.
  4. It is a rather complex model.
  5. It is a linear model of communication.
  6. It requires people to be on the same level for effective communication to happen. However, that rarely happens in everyday life.
  7. The main drawback of the model is that it omits the usage of sixth sense as a
    channel of communication, which is an asset to human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc.)
70
Q

Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

A
  1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change
  2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part
  3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same
    person
  4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
  5. Feedback – central feature. Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm
71
Q

Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

A
  1. This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of encoding and decoding.
72
Q

10 ethics in comms

A
  1. mutuality
  2. individual dignity
  3. accuracy
  4. access to information
  5. accountability
  6. audience
  7. relative truth
  8. ends vs. means
  9. use of power
  10. rights vs. responsibilities
73
Q

four ethical principles according to the Credo for Ethical Consideration

A
  1. advocate truthfulness,
  2. accuracy,
  3. honesty,
  4. and reason as essential to the integrity of
    communication
74
Q

““No generation has had the opportunity, as
we now have, to build a global economy that
leaves no-one behind. It is a wonderful
opportunity, but also a profound
responsibility.”

A

former US President Bill Clinton

75
Q

is the process of bringing
people together and making them and exchange
ideas in traditional borders (Nowaczyk, 2017).

A

globalization

76
Q

true or false: The world driven largely by advances in
technology, has become inextricably interconnected
across distances and other boundaries (downing, 2007)

A

true

77
Q

the increasing economic, political and cultural integration and interdependence of diverse cultures

A

globalization

78
Q

is one world interconnected by an electronic nervous system.

A

global village

79
Q

electronic nervous system =???

A

media

80
Q

Friedman (2005) coined globalization as the “____” of the world.

A

flattening

81
Q

is indeed a popular and controversial issue,but it still remain a loose and poorly-defined concept.

A

globalization

82
Q

Most of the times, globalization is used to
cover increases in trade and liberalization policies as well as reductions in transportation costs and technology transfer. true or false

A

true syempre

83
Q

positive effects of glo

A

1 . Reducing the sense of isolation of poor countries. 2. Expanding the Information Society and Enhancing Access To Information.
3. Increasing the speed of commercial, financial and technological operations
4. Globalization can be a factor in integrating the people into the world community
5. Efficiency of the entire economic activity at the planetary level

84
Q

Negative ef ects of globalization

A
  1. Security deficit, poverty, personal insecurity, migration turns into a global threat;
  2. There are no national solutions to transnational issues;
  3. Demographic Deficit: is narrow national intellectual potential and increase export
    of human resources;
  4. Ecology deficiency: the natural world of the world is rapidly deteriorating in line
    with the growth of the national and global economy;
  5. Reducing the number of jobs.
85
Q

Globalization accelerates economic
growth, increasing standards of living, but there are winners and losers

A
  1. globalist
86
Q

Globalization subjects developing nations
to severe trade and financial lending
practices, keeping nations trapped in
debt and millions trapped in poverty.

A
  1. anti globalist
87
Q

Globalization benefits the consumer by
increasing income and offering a greater
variety of lower-priced products and
services.

A
  1. globalist
88
Q

Globalization has resulted in record
corporate profit rates while the
worldwide income gap continues to

A

2, a-g

89
Q

Globalization results in jobs being
shipped overseas to low-wage factories
with poor working conditions and abuses
of workers’ rights.

A

3 a-g

90
Q

Globalization increases employment and
wages and helps improve working
conditions and protect workers’ rights.

A

3 g

91
Q

Globalization helps clean up and protect
the environment by providing the
national wealth necessary to undertake
environmental improvements.

A

4 g

92
Q

Globalization exploits local environments in the quest for corporate profit and contributes to worldwide global warming

A

4 a-g

93
Q

Globalization helps developing nations
by accelerating economic growth and
lifting millions out of poverty.

A

5g

94
Q

Globalization subjects developing nations
to severe trade and financial lending
practices, keeping nations trapped in
debt and millions trapped in poverty.

A

5 a-g

95
Q

Globalization helps protect human rights. Economic freedom and political freedom
are closely linked.

A

6 g

96
Q

Globalization supports a world trade in human bondage and slavery estimated in the millions

A

6 a-g

97
Q

Globalization fosters the growth of
democratic governments, which have
almost doubled worldwide in just the last
decade.

A

7 g

98
Q

Globalization threatens the sovereignty of the nation state by undermining national laws and regulations with the power of world trade and finance bodies

A

7 a-g

99
Q

The culmination of globalization and
technology has resulted in a quality of life
unimaginable one hundred years ago. Life expectancy, literacy, human health, leisure, and living standards have
improved dramatically worldwide.

A

8 g

100
Q

Globalization threatens public health, local economies, and the social fabric of agriculturally based societies.

A

8 a-g

101
Q
A

prelim 2nd sem (3 decks)

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