pupil subcultures

Question 1

hangreaves

Answer 1

-compared 2 streams of boys in a secondary modern school and in a 1967 school.
- selection of stream was closely related to behaviour
- the more the top streams were rewarded for behaviour, the more they conformed to this and achieved well
- the lower stem boys felt unable to achieve high status in the teachers eyes and created an anti-school subculture which promoted an anti school attitude
- processes occurred between the labelling of teachers about students:
- speculation: initial guesses based on appearance
- working hypothesis: based on interaction
- elaboration: hypothesis tested in classroom
- stabilisation: when teacher feel like they know

Question 2

Mac and Ghail

Answer 2

• boys from working class backgrounds generally followed their fathers in to traditional working class, manual labour job roles
• one of the subcultures he studied was the macho lads
• manual labour work became a way for them to shape their working class identity
• deindustrialisation led to the macho lads to face a crisis of masculinity
• after the decline of traditional manual labour roles of working class, they had no other options but:
• becoming upwardly mobile to gain the new working class, white collar jobs
• to face the prospect of low paid work
• to face long-term unemployment
• crisis of masculinity

Question 3

willis

Answer 3

• the lads formed a counter-school subculture grouping which opposed the school values
• these lads felt superior to the conformist pupils who they labelled as ‘ear oles’
• showed little interest in academic work
• counter-school culture prepared them for the boredom of work