Punnett Square Vocabulary Flashcards
Gene
The specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Allele
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occur at a specific place of a chromosome
Homozygous
Characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids
Heterozygous
Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromosomes
Genome
All of an organism’s genetic material
Genotype
Collection of all an organism’s genetic information that codes for traits
Phenotype
Collection of all of an organism’s physical characteristics
Dominant
Allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism’s genotype
Recessive
Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype
Punnett Square
Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating
Monohybrid Cross
Cross, or mating, between organisms that involve only one pair of contrasting trait
Testcross
Cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype
Dihybrid cross
Cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits
Law of independent assortment
Mandel’s second law stating that allele pair separate from one another during gamete formation
Probability
Likelihood that a particular event will happen
Carrier
Organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain straight of disease that is not expressed in the organism’s phenotype
Sex-linked Gene
Gene that is located on a sex chromosome
Incomplete dominance
Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the trait from both alleles
Codominance
Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the trait from both alleles
Polygenic trait
Trait that is produced by two or more genes
Pedigree
Chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele
Karyotype
Image of all the chromosomes in a cell
