Punnett Square Vocabulary

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

The specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occur at a specific place of a chromosome

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

Characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromosomes

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

All of an organism’s genetic material

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Collection of all an organism’s genetic information that codes for traits

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Collection of all of an organism’s physical characteristics

Question 8

Dominant

Answer 8

Allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism’s genotype

Question 9

Recessive

Answer 9

Allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism’s genotype

Question 10

Punnett Square

Answer 10

Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross, or mating

Question 11

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 11

Cross, or mating, between organisms that involve only one pair of contrasting trait

Question 12

Testcross

Answer 12

Cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype

Question 13

Dihybrid cross

Answer 13

Cross, or mating, between organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits

Question 14

Law of independent assortment

Answer 14

Mandel’s second law stating that allele pair separate from one another during gamete formation

Question 15

Probability

Answer 15

Likelihood that a particular event will happen

Question 16

Carrier

Answer 16

Organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain straight of disease that is not expressed in the organism’s phenotype

Question 17

Sex-linked Gene

Answer 17

Gene that is located on a sex chromosome

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the trait from both alleles

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

Heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the trait from both alleles

Question 20

Polygenic trait

Answer 20

Trait that is produced by two or more genes

Question 21

Pedigree

Answer 21

Chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family that is used to determine whether an individual is a carrier of a recessive allele

Question 22

Karyotype

Answer 22

Image of all the chromosomes in a cell