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Patient A&P > Pulses, Breath Sounds, Diseases > Flashcards

Pulses, Breath Sounds, Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal pulse rate?

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

What is normal respiratory rate?

A

12-20 breaths/min

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3
Q

Fast RR indicates what?

A

Tachypnea

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4
Q

Slow RR indicates what?

A

Bradypnea

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5
Q

What is eupnea?

A

Normal respiratory rate
12-20 breaths per min

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6
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

-increased RR
>20 breaths per min

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7
Q

Bradypnea

A

-decreased RR
<12 breaths per min

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8
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing

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9
Q

Hyperpnea

A

-Increased depth
-normal rate & rhythm

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10
Q

Hypopnea

A

-Shallow or slow breathing
-Decreased depth
-Normal rate, rhythm

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11
Q

Cheyne Stokes

A

Gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth lasting from 30-180 seconds with
apnea up to 60 seconds

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12
Q

What is Biot’s breathing?

A

rapid, deep breaths (gasps) (increased RR, depth) with irregular periods of apnea

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13
Q

What is Kussmaul’s breathin?

A

-increased RR and depth
-irregular rhythm
-breath sounds labored

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14
Q

What is apneustic breathing?

A

prolonged gasping inspiration followed by short, insufficient expiration

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15
Q

What are normal breathing sounds called?

A

Vesicular sounds

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16
Q

What are the abnormal breathing sounds?

A

crackles, wheezing, stridor, stertor, pleural friction rub

17
Q

What do crackles indicate?

A

secretions/fluid in airways

18
Q

Coarse crackles (rhonchi that clear with cough)

A

sound: deeper drowning & popping sound

description: large airway secretions.

treatment: suction patient or instruct to cough

19
Q

Rhonchi

A

sound: swimming under water sound/drowning

description: blockage of main airways due to mucous, foreign bodies

20
Q

Medium crackles

A

description: middle airway secretions.

treatment: recommend bronchial hygiene

21
Q

Fine crackles (moist rales)

A

sound: finer drowning & popping sound

description: located in smaller airways/alveoli with excess fluid or atelectasis. associated with CHF/pulmonary edema

treatment:
-oxygen
-positive pressure therapy
-positive inotropic agents
-diuretics

22
Q

Wheezing

A

sound: high pitched whistling sound

description: caused by bronchospasm

treatment: bronchodilator therapy for bilateral wheezing

23
Q

Unilateral wheezing (only on one side)

A

description: foreign body obstruction

treatment: rigid bronchoscopy in OR

24
Q

Stridor

A

sound: high pitched (whistling) or crowing inspiratory sound

upper airway obstructions:
-epiglottitis
-subglottic swelling (post extubation, croup)
-foreign body aspiration

treatment-
topical decongestant:
swelling/edema

suctioning and/or bronchoscopy:
secretions and foreign body aspiration

intubate: severe swelling/epiglottitis

25
Q

Stertor

A

sound: low pitched snoring sound

description: noisy breathing during inhalation due to vibrations of fluid or relaxed/flabby tissue

26
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

sound: coarse grating, raspy, crunching sound

description: inflamed surface of the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together (TB, pneumonia, cancer, pulmonary infarction)

treatment: steroids/antibiotics

27
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

a hole in the pleural space surrounding the lung, causing air to leak into pleural space, causing a pressure difference against the lung making it fully or partially collapse

28
Q

What are some examples of diseases that can cause a pneumothorax?

A

stab wound, copd, CF, pneumonia, asthma

29
Q

What is a open pneumothorax?

A

Outside wound (stab wound, puncture) causing air to go from outside body to inside body into pleural space

30
Q

What is a closed pneumothorax?

A

A hole in the lung causing air to move into pleural space

31
Q

What is a tension pneumothorax?

A

Air can’t escape pleural space and puts pressure on heart, lung, blood vessels

32
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

The alveoli become deflated or filled with alveolar fluid, causing a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or lobe of the lung.

33
Q

Tracheal deviation pulled to abnormal side conditions?

A

-pulmonary atelectasis

-pneumonectomy

-diaphragmatic paralysis

34
Q

Tracheal deviation pushed to normal side?

A

-massive pleural effusion

-tension pneumothorax

-neck/thyroid tumor

-large mediastinal mass

35
Q

A _____ stops pulmonary vascular resistance; the patient would look blue or gray

A

embolus

36
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

causes mucus to become thick and sticky, which blocks airways. ex:alveoli airway

37
Q

What is bronchiectasis?

A

lungs bronchi(airways) become damaged, making it hard to clear mucus which leads to increased mucus build up

38
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

infection in one or both lungs that causes the alveoli to become inflamed and filled with fluid or pus

39
Q

Lasix (furosemide) is used for what?

A

to decrease the pressure caused by excess fluid in the heart and lungs. Ex: edema

Patient A&P (3 decks)

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