Pulse-Echo

Question 0

Relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity such as spatial position or voltage.

Answer 0

Analog

Question 1

Increases the strength of all electrical signals in the receiver prior to further processing (receiver gain)

Answer 1

Amplification

Question 2

A signal processing operation where the amplified voltage signal representing an ultrasound echo is converted into a binary number

Answer 2

Analog to digital conversion

Question 3

This introduces a set of time delays across the individual elements

Answer 3

Beam Former

Question 4

This means the system has two stable equilibrium states. Something that is bistable can be resting in either of the two states. These rest stays need not be symmetric with respect to stored energy.

Answer 4

Bistable

Question 5

A display device

Answer 5

Cathode-Ray Tube

Question 6

Creating very long sound pulses containing a wide range of frequencies, distributing energy over a broad frequency range

Answer 6

Coded Excitation

Question 7

This is used to make the image uniformly bright from top to bottom.

Answer 7

Compensation.

Question 8

The phase of the wave when the molecules are pushed together.

Answer 8

Compression

Question 9

The ability of the imaging system to differentiate between body tissues and display them as different shades of gray.

Answer 9

Contrast Resolution

Question 10

Retains the actual amplitudes of echo voltages

Answer 10

Demodulation

Question 11

To allow for greater amplification of the weaker echoes returning from deeper within the body

Answer 11

Depth-Gain Compensation

Question 12

And electronic device for converting digital signals to analog form

Answer 12

Digital to analog converter

Question 13

This allows the range of echoes or shades of gray displayed on the screen to be decreased. This will remove low-level echoes from the display and result in an image with more contrast.

Answer 13

Dynamic Range

Question 14

______ = PRF / Lines per Frame. Depends on the PRF and the number of scan lines per image.

Answer 14

Frame Rate

Question 15

The degree of amplification of the returning echo is called this. Echo or signal amplification is necessary because the returning echoes are too weak to be displayed in visualized. Echoes can be strengthened by increasing the intensity of the transmitted signal or by increasing the amplification of the returning signal.

Answer 15

Gain

Question 16

Allows each echo of varying degrees of amplitude to be displayed within the same image.

Answer 16

Gray scale

Question 17

Stores a number of sequentially acquired and processed static image frames every second which are rapidly sent to the display to provide dynamic real-time ultrasound

Answer 17

Image Memory

Question 18

This formats the many scanline data into form.

Answer 18

Image Processor

Question 19

This is an averaging of sequential frames together to get a smoother image.

Answer 19

Persistence

Question 20

Picture Archiving and Communications System

Answer 20

PACS

Question 21

A minute area of illumination on a display screen; one of many from which an image is composed.

Answer 21

Pixel

Question 22

After the scan converter memory.

Answer 22

Post-Processing

Question 23

Image processing done before echo data is stored in image memory.

Answer 23

Preprocessing.

Question 24

Enable the visualization of moving structures but also helps speed up the examination time.

Answer 24

Real-Time

Question 25

Several images can be presented per second.

Answer 25

Real-Time Display

Question 26

Temporarily stores images during scanning, for viewing and recording. Performs scan conversion, enabling the image data to be viewed on video monitors.

Answer 26

Scan Converter

Question 27

After the images pass through this processor they are fed into the image processor.

Answer 27

Signal Processor

Question 28

Using sonographic info from several different imaging angles to produce a single image and is only available in phased array transducers

Answer 28

Spatial Compounding

Question 29

The ability to accurately portray movement occurring within the field of view during real-time imaging.

Answer 29

Temporal Resolution

Question 30

This is required in order to compensate for the fact that signals returning from deeper reflectors will be weaker than signals returning from more shallow reflectors, because of attenuation. Increasing this amplifies signals more from deeper structures than it does from shallow structures.

Answer 30

Tine-Gain Compensation (TGC)