Pulmonology Flashcards
What determines thoracic gas volume?
lung compliance
chest wall compliance
What does TGV represent?
point at which inward recoil exactly = to outward recoil
How does compliance impact TGV?
increase in comliance = increase TGV
How is TGV related to FRC
should be = in healthy people
measured differently
What variables determine total lung capacity?
Lung compliance
chest wall compliance
respiratory muscle strength
good effort
What determines Dlco?
Aveolar surface area
Thickness of aveolar-capillary membrane
Presence of Hb
Name 5 obstructive lung diseases
asthma emphysema chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis (CF) bronchiolitis
What causes the lung sound of rhonchi?
turbulent air flow through large airways
What causes the lung sound of crackles?
“popping” open of small airways that have been collapsed by fluid/ pressure
What are some pathologies that can explain a reduced DLCO?
pulmonary vascular disease chronic pulmonary emboli scleroderma collagen vascular disease congenital heart disease anorectic drug induced hypertension HIV infection severe anemia
What are the general physiologic reasons for hyperventilation?
metabolic acidosis
hypoxemia
CNS (trauma, stroke, drugs, voluntary)
What are the 5 causes of hypoxemia?
- V/Q mismatch
- Shunt
- Hypoventilation
- Diffusion problems (aveoli)
- High altitude
(hemoglobinopathies)
What is the acinus?
gas exchange region of the lung beginning distal to terminal bronchiole Includes: respiratory bronchiole aveolar ducts aveoli
What are the phases of lung development?
embryonic (26days-6weeks) pseudoglandular (6weeks-16weeks) cannicular phase (16weeks- 28weeks) saccular (28/26weeks -36 weeks) aveolar (36+ weeks)
What is minute ventilation?
volume of air that flows in and out of the lungs in 1 min
~6L
