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Module 4 > Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

Nasal decongestant

A

Alpha1 agonist = vasoconstriction
✔️ Phenylephrine
✔️ Oxymetazoline

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2
Q

WOF: nasal decongestant

A

Rhinitis medica mendosa - Rebound congestion
⬆️ BP

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3
Q

Use of intranasal steroids

A

If severe (Acute rhinits/common cold)
vs. inflammation

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4
Q

WOF: Intranasal steroids

A

Drying of the nasal mucosa

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5
Q

Drug that facilitate nasal drainage

A

Sodium chloride solution (Salinase)

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6
Q

Drugs used for acute rhinitis/common cold

A

✔️ Nasal decongestant
✔️ Intranasal steroids
✔️ Sodium chloride solution (Salinase)
✔️ Hydration - oral fluid intake

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7
Q

IgE mediated

A

Allergic rhinitis
(+) trigger (allergen)

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8
Q

WTD during allergic rhinitis

A
  1. Avoid allergen
  2. H1 receptor antagonist
  3. Intranasal steroids - Fluticasone
  4. Alpha1 agonist - decongestant
  5. Anticholinergic - ⬇️⬇️ secretion - Ipratropium
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9
Q

Acute cough

A
  • infection
  • occupational
  • chemical
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10
Q

Chronic cough

A
  • # 1 drug in the world - ACEis
  • 🇵🇭 TB
  • Malignancy
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11
Q

Mucoregulators

A

✔️ Ambroxol = mucokinetic - normalize viscosity
✔️ Bromhexine
✔️ Carbocistein (Sulmox)
✔️ Macrolide
eg. Azithromyin = Anti-inflammatory for COPD patients

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12
Q

Mucolytic

A

MOA: break disulfide bonds
⬇️⬇️ viscocity of mucus
Antioxidant
e.g. N-acetylcysteine (Fluimucil)
Erdosteine

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13
Q

Expectorant

A

Expel mucus
✔️hypertonic saline = ⬆️cilliary motility ⬇️mucus viscosity
✔️Iodine
e.g. Domiodol
WOF: toxic
✔️Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
MOA: irritate the vagus nerve = cough
Use: chronic bronchitis

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14
Q

Hemoptysis

A

blood in sputum

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15
Q

Codeine is metabolized into morphine using what enyme?

A

CYP2D6

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16
Q

Derivative of Levorphanol

A

Dexthrometorphan

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17
Q

Drug that has the addition of Dexthrometorphan in Robitussin DM

A

Guaifenesin

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18
Q

Dexthrometorphan is avoided in children due to what?

A

(+) seizures
(+) hallucination

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19
Q

Peripherally acting antitussive drug

A

Levodropizine (Levoprost)

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20
Q

mixed acting antitussive drug

A

Butamirate

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21
Q

Glycerol derivative of Butamirate

A

Benzonatate

22
Q

Diagnosis for Bronchial Asthma

A

Spirometry

23
Q

Formula for Pack years

A

no. sticks per day x 1pack/20 sticks x no. of years

24
Q

Guidelines for COPD

A

GOLD
Global initiative for Ostructive Lung Disease

25
Q

SABA meds

A

✔️ Salbutamol/Albuterol
✔️ Terbutaline

26
Q

LABA medications

A

“BIFS”
Bambuterol
Indacaterol
Formoterol
Salmeterol

27
Q

1st line reliever for BA

A

Salbutamol

28
Q

WOF with salbutamol

A

Tremors
Tachycardia
Hypokalemia

29
Q

Anti-inflammatory drug usually combined with LABA

A

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)

30
Q

Budesonide + Formoterol

31
Q

Salmeterol + Fluticasone

32
Q

MOA of Methylxanthines

A

(-) adenosine
(-) PDE
= ⬆️cAMP: Bronchodilation

33
Q

Uses of Methylxanthines

A

✔️ alternative controllers for COPD
✔️ respiratory stimulant vs. apnea or prematurity

34
Q

WOF with Methylxanthines

A

Narrow therapeutic index
(+) headache
(+) palpitations
(+) nausea and vomiting
WTD? Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

35
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Aminophylline
Theophylline

36
Q

Anticholinergic SAMA

A

Ipatropium

37
Q

LAMA

A

“UGAT”
Umeclinidium
Glycopycronium
Aclinidium
Tiotropium -controller for COPD

38
Q

WOF when using SAMA and LAMA

A

drying of secretions

39
Q

MOA of mast cell stabilizer

A

(-)Cl influx =stabilize mast cell

40
Q

Uses of Mast cell stabilizers

A

✔️ prophylaxis vs mild asthma
✔️ adjuct in AR

41
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

A

✔️ Cromolyn
✔️ Nedocromil
✔️ Cromoglycate

42
Q

Mast cell stabilizers
WOF:

A

No bronchodilation

43
Q

5-LOX inhibitor

A

Zilueton
vs. excersize induced asthma
WOF: CYP inhibitor

44
Q

LT antagonist

A

Montelukast
Zafirlukast

45
Q

MOA of corticosteroids

A

(+) lipoprotein

46
Q

combined with LABA = controller

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

47
Q

Oral corticosteroid

A

Prednisone

48
Q

Parenteral corticosteroids

A

Methylprednisone
Hydrocortisone

49
Q

(-) PDE
adjunt in COPD

A

Roflumilast

50
Q

anti-IgE vs uncontrolled BA

A

Omalizumab

Module 4 (7 decks)

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