Pulmonology Flashcards
FEV1 to FVC is less than what in asthma?
80%
an increase in what percentage of FEV1 with bronchodilator therapy suggests asthma?
10%
What is the acute tx for asthma?
O2, nebulizer SABA, ipratropium bromide, oral corticosteroids
What tx is indicated for mild to moderate asthma?
ICS + SABA prn
What defines bronchitis?
cough that persists for more than 5 days
what is the tx for bronchitis?
symptomatic/supportive tx since 95% of cases are viral
What will a PFT reveal for a pt with chronic bronchitis?
FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.7
What is the inhaler of choice for COPD?
ipratropium bromide
Chest XR will reveal a flattened diaphragm, hyperinflation, and small, thin appearing heart
Emphysema
Long-term O2 therapy is beneficial in COPD when O2 sat and PaO2 are at what with no sx of HF?
O2 sa = <88% and PaO2 = <55mmHg
What is the MC kind of Non-small cell lung cancer?
adenocarcinoma (35 - 45% of lung cancers)
What percentage of lung cancers make up non-small cell cancers?
85%
Where do you find squamous cell lung cancers?
central mass
Where do you most commonly find adenocarcinoma lung cancer?
peripheral mass
Small cell lung cancer accounts for what percentage of lung cancers?
15%
which type of lung cancer can be treated with surgery?
Non-small cell
Superior vena cava syndrome (facial/arm edema and swollen chest wall veins)
Pancoast tumor (shoulder pain, Horner’s syndrome, brachial plexus compression)
Horner’s syndrome (unilateral miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis)
Carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhea, and telangiectasia)
are associated manifestations of what type of cancer?
small cell lung cancer
What is the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia in pts >40 yo
Streptococcus pneumonia
most common community-acquired pneumonia in < 40 yo
mycoplasma pneumonia
what is the mc bacteria for hospital-acquired pneumonia
pseudomonas aeruginosa
How do you dx obstructive sleep apnea?
polysomnography
What type of bladder cancer does cigarette smoking cause?
transitional cell carcinoma
