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Family Medicine EOR > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

revascularization is indicated when stenosis of the left main coronary artery is greater than what?

A

50%

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2
Q

What medication is contraindicated with prinzmetal angina because it can exacerbate vasospasm?

A

propanolol (non selective bb)

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3
Q

What is the gold standard dx test for prinzmetal variant angina?

A

coronary angiography with injection of provocative agents into the coronary artery

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4
Q

What is used to prevent sx of vasopastic angina?

A

CCBs

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5
Q

What virus is most common cause of acute pericarditis?

A

coxsackievirus

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6
Q

What can a water bottle silhouette on chest XR indicate?

A

acute pericarditis

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7
Q

What will a CXR show for a patient with an aortic dissection?

A

Widened mediastinum

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8
Q

What is the USPSTF recommendation for Aortic aneurysm?

A

one time screening by US in med ages 65-75 who have ever smoked.

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9
Q

At what size should an AAA be referred to a vascular surgeon?

A

> 4.5cm

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10
Q

What is the gold standard test for Pleural Effusion?

A

Spiral CT scan

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11
Q

What is the gold standard definitive test for dx but used in cases which dx of PE uncertain after noninvasive testing?

A

pulmonary angiography

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12
Q

What is the gold standard for dx of pulmonary HTN?

A

Right heart catheterization

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13
Q

What medicine needs to be used ASAP to decrease co morbidity and co mortality in CHF?

A

ACEI

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14
Q

What are the three specific BBs in reducing mortality from heart failure?

A

bisoprolol, carvedilol, metropolol

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15
Q

What is the best test for dx CHF?

A

echocardiogram

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16
Q

How do you treat systolic left HF?

A

ACEI, BB, Loop diuretic

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17
Q

how do you treat diastolic HF?

A

ACEI, BB or CCB

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18
Q

Whats the mc bacteria in endocarditis with IV drug users?

A

Staph. aureus

19
Q

Whats the mc bacteria in endocarditis with a prosthetic valve?

A

Staph. epidermidis

20
Q

What’s the empiric treatment for endocarditis?

A

IV vanc or ampicillin/sulbactam PLUSaminoglycoside

21
Q

At what age does USPFTF recommend screening for patients with NO evidence of CVD and no other rfs?

A

35 yo

22
Q

What is hypertensive urgency?

A

very high BP >/ 180 systolic or >/120 diastolic without target-organ damage

23
Q

What’s the time frame for reducing BP in a hypertensive emergency?

A

reduced within 1 hour to prevent progression of end-organ damage or death

24
Q

What is hypertensive retinopathy (malignant HTN)?

A

diastolic reading greater than 140 with papilledema + either encephalopathy or nephropathy

25
Q

Whats the treatment for hypertensive urgency?

A

clonidine (drug of choice)

26
Q

Whats the treatment for hypertensive emergency?

A

sodium nitroprusside (drug of choice)

27
Q

What is the treatment of choice for malignant hypertension?

A

hydralazine

28
Q

What is a normal level for triglycerides?

A

less than 150

29
Q

Moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia (>500) may cause what?

A

pancreatitis, eruptive xanthomas, lipemia retinalis

30
Q

What is the major reason to treat hypertriglyceridemia?

A

to prevent pancreatitis

31
Q

isolated elevated triglycerides levels are treated with what?

A

Fibrates and niacin

32
Q

Soft HIGH PITCHED, BLOWING DIASTOLIC murmur along LSB with the patient sitting, leaning forward after exhaling

A

Aortic regurgitation (diastolic murmur)

33
Q

DIASTOLIC low-pitched DECRESCENDO and rumbling with OPENING SNAP at the APEX

A

mitral stenosis

34
Q

High pitch, decrescendo murmur at LUSB, increases with inspiration

A

Pulmonary regurgitation (diastolic murmur)

35
Q

Mid diastolic rumbling at LLSB with opening snap

A

tricuspid stenosis

36
Q

What are the most common kind of heart murmurs?

A

midsystolic (ejection murmurs)

37
Q

Systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo RUSB

A

Aortic stenosis

38
Q

HARSH MIDSYSTOLIC EJECTION CRESCENDO-DECRESCENDO murmur with WIDELY SPLIT S2 at LSB that RADIATES TO THE LEFT SHOULDER & NECK

A

Pulmonic stenosis

39
Q

Medium-pitched, mid-systolic murmur that decreases with squatting and increases with straining

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Mid systolic ejection click at apex

A

Mitral valve prolapse

41
Q

blowing holosystolic murmur at apex with a split s2

A

mitral regurgitation

42
Q

High-pitched holosystolic murmur at mid LSB

A

tricuspid regurgitation

43
Q

HARSH HOLOSYSTOLIC murmur heard best at the LSB with WIDE RADIATION and a fixed, split S2

A

ventricular septal defect

Family Medicine EOR (2 decks)

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