Pulmonary Valve Disease

Question 1

Causes of Pulmonary Stenosis.

Answer 1

Usually congenital like Turner’s syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Williams syndrome and Tetralogy of Fallot.

Can also be due to rheumatic fever or carcinoid syndrome.

Question 2

Symptoms of PS.

Answer 2

Dyspnoea

Fatigue

Oedema

Ascites

Question 3

Signs of PS.

Answer 3

Dysmorphic facies

Prominent a wave in JVP

RV heave

Ejection systolic murmur

Question 4

Investigations of PS.

Answer 4

ECG

Echo

CXR

Cardiac catheterisation (diagnostic)

Question 5

ECG findings of PS.

Answer 5

Right axis deviation

P-pulmonale

RV hypertrophy

RBBB

Question 6

CXR findings of PS.

Answer 6

Prominent pulmonary arteries caused by post-stenotic dilation.

Question 7

Treatment of PS.

Answer 7

Pulmonary valvuloplasty or valvotomy

Question 8

Causes of pulmonary regurg (PR)

Answer 8

Any cause of pulm HTN.

Question 9

Signs of PR.

Answer 9

Decrescendo murmur in early diastole at the left sternal edge.