Pulmonary Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is the main pathogen in humans that causes pulmonary tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
In which patients is TB most common
Those on immunosuppressant drugs and those with HIV.
What are the risk factors for TB
- TB contact
- Very young/elderly
- Immunosuppression
- Live or visit in TB endemic countries.
- Health care workers
- Malnutrition
- Alcoholism
What systemic effects does TB cause
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Cough - possibly with sputum and haemoptysis
- Anorexia.
Why are several drugs used at the same time in TB treatment
To prevent the quick development of resistance to individual drugs
Why does TB need to be treated over a prolonged period of time and how long does this tend to be
This tends to be around 6 months and is due to the fact that TB can hide within macrophages.
What are the four drugs used in combination to treat tuberculosis
RIPE -
- Rifampicin
- Isonazide
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol.
What is rifampicin known for
It is metabolised by the liver and is known for discolouring body fluids to an orange/red colout
What metabolises isonazide
The liver
What can sometimes be given alongside isonazide as extra
Pyridoxine - vitamin B6 - to reduce peripheral effects
What metabolises pyrazinamide
The liver
What is ethambutol known for
It is metabolised by the kidneys. It can cause problems with vision.
