pulmonary rehabilitation and programming Flashcards
what are the 3 types of bronchodilators?
- beta-agonists
- anticholinergics
- theophylline
what is the difference between fast-acting and rescue/reliever medication?
- fast-acting = good for acute asthma attack
- rescue/reliever medication = if taken 15 mins prior, they will not experience asthma attack
what are the side effects of bronchodilators?
- nervousness/shaky
- increase HR
- palpitations
- GI upset
- trouble sleeping
describe the use of corticosteroids
- reduce inflammation
- reduce mucous production in the airways
- normally have a wet cough if not taken
- long-acting/long term use
- taken daily
what are side effects of cortocosteroids?
- sore throat
- cough
- increased BP
how many people roughly in the world have a chronic respiratory disease?
545 million people
what is the increase in respiratory diseases since 1990?
39.8%
what is the third leading cause of death worldwide?
COPD
what is obstructive lung disease?
- characterized by airway obstruction
- can result from the narrowing of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles due to excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself
what is restrictive lung disease?
- lung disease that prevents the airways from fully expanding with air
- many are progressive and non-reversible
what is pulmonary rehabilitation?
use of exercise, education, and behavioural intervention to improve the lives of those with pulmonary disease
what is the purpose of pulmonary rehabilitation?
to help patients breathe easier and improve the patients quality of life for certain lung conditions such as COPD, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and cystic fibrosis
what are the components of pulmonary rehab?
- education
- general exercise training
- breathing retraining
- outcome assessment
- nutritional advice
- psychological support
who needs pulmonary rehabilitation?
patients with
- COPD
- pulmonary fibrosis
- cystic fibrosis
- muscular dystrophy
- asthma
describe pulmonary hypertension
- a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs
- can occur due to some
- congenital heart diseases
- connective tissue disease
- coronary artery disease
- high blood pressure
- blood clots in the lungs
describe emphysema
- alveoli in the lungs are damaged
- inner walls of the alveolar become weak and rupture = large air spaces created instead of multiple small ones
- primary cause = smoking
- no cure/progressive
describe pulmonary fibrosis
- a lung disease that occurs when lung tissue becomes damaged and scarred
- thick stiff tissue within the lungs makes it challenging for the lungs to work properly
what are the causes of pulmonary fibrosis?
- environmental pollutants
- connective tissue disease
- interstitial lung disease
describe cystic fibrosis
- an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system, and other organs
- primarily affects cells that produce mucous, sweat, and digestive juices
- life expectancy = approx. 44 years
describe muscular dystrophy
- a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass
- abnormal genes interfere with production of proteins required for healthy muscle formation
- common feature is respiratory failure
what do you start off with when creating a pulmonary rehab plan?
- learn more about the patient’s health
- lung function
- exercise
- blood tests
- medical history
- current treatments
- most common symptom = dyspnea
what is the purpose of inpatient programs?
provides specialized care for hospitalized patients
when are patients referred to outpatient programs?
during hospitalization
what are the benefits of pulmonary rehab?
- minimize symptoms
- decrease disability
- increase PA
- improve quality of life
- improve activity of daily living (ADL)
describe a physiotherapist
- teach patients the proper and safe way to move and assist in regaining mobility
- will assist with regaining the ability to walk, get out/into bed and chairs, climbs stairs, etc.
- will also assist with teaching techniques to improve breathing
explain pursed-lip breathing
- helps control SOB and slows breathing
- effective breathing by getting more o2 into the lungs
- steps:
- sit in a chair and relax your neck and shoulder muscles
- breath in through the nose, close mouth
- inhale 2 seconds
- purse lips and blow out all of air through mouth slowly (longer than inhale)
explain occupational therapists
- evaluate a patient’s physical and mental abilities
- assists with regaining ability for ADLs
- will also screen for cognitive function
describe the role of social work
- assist with planning and decision making while an individual is in hospital as they transition to going home
- will include counselling and support, and community resource information
what are speech-language pathologists?
professionals in the field of communication and swallowing disorders
what are some programs and topics to better manage stress?
- stress, breathing, and muscle relaxation techniques
- improving assertive communication
- mindfulness and technostress
- uncovering negative automatic thoughts
- changing negative automatic thoughts/thinking errors
- managing sleep
what are some ways to monitor exercise and pulmonary disease?
- HR
- RPE
- RPD- ratings of perceived dyspnea (0-10)
- SPO2
- approx. ½ of patients with COPD will desaturate <90% during exercise
why does lung function drop less with HIIT?
intervals allow for lung recovery, whereas continuous exercise you are exerting energy the whole time
how does the mood change during HIIT in comparison to continuous exercise?
- mood goes up in recovery intervals for HIIT
- mood with moderate-intensity exercise continuously went down as exercise persisted
