Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaesthetic FRCA Primary - Respiratory Physiology and Pulmonary Pathophysiology > Pulmonary Pathophysiology - Restrictive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pathophysiology - Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Restrictive lung disease definition

A

Diseases in which the expansion of the lung is restricted either because of alterations in the lung parenchyma, diseases of the pleura, chest wall or neuromusculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lung parenchyma definition

A

Gas exchanging lung tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood gas barrier diagram

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of type I collagen in alveolar wall

A

Forms type 1 collagen cable to support structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: alternate names

A

Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis
Interstitial pneumonia
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pathology of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Thickening of interstitium of alveolar wall

Initial infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells

Later fibroblasts lay down thick collagen bundles

Alveoli may contain cellular exudate ‘desquamation’

Eventually architecture is destroyed ith extensive scarring, dilated air spaces and ‘honey-combing’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Scarring definition

A

End result of many pathological processes
Due to laying down of collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical features of Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

Not common

SOB with rapid shallow breathing

Reduced exercise tolerance

Dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Fine crepitations
Finger clubbing
Reduced chest movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radiological features of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

CXR - small lungs with reticular pattern

Honey-comb appearance in late disease / on CT scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ventilatory mechanics and volume changes in restrictive lung disease

A

Low FEV1 and low FVC
Normal or increased FEV/FVC ratio

All lung volumes reduced

Reduced lung compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Changes to calibre of alveoli / small airways in pulmonary fibrosis

A

Calibre increases due to radial traction forces

Therefore have higher initial flow rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Gas exchange changes in diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Reduced PaO2
Normal or low PaCO2

PaO2 falls on exercise

Reduced diffusing capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pulmonary circulation changes in diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Many capillaries are obliterated by fibrosis

Pulmonary vascular resistance increases

Pulmonary hypertension - especially on exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Possible trigger for breathing with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

?stimulation of J receptors causing rapid shallow breathing

Especially in context of normal or low PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary cause of arterial hypoxaemia in diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

V/Q mismatch

17
Q

Diseases which can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Sarcoidosis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Collagen diseases
Drugs
Oxygen toxicity
Poisons

18
Q

Features of Sarcoidosis

A

Characteristic non caseating granulomas
Affects several organs
Probable immunological basis
Can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

19
Q

Features of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Disease of lung parenchyma due to hypersensitivity to inhaled organic dusts

Exposure is heavy

Acute disease causes SOB, fever and cough

Longstanding disease can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

20
Q

Examples of causes of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Farmer’s lung - spores in mouldy hay

Bird breeder’s lung

21
Q

Collagen disease example

A

Systemic scleroderma

22
Q

Drugs which can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Bleomycin
Busulfan

23
Q

Poison example which can cause interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Paraquat - a weed killer

24
Q

Causes of restrictive lung disease outside of the lung

A

Pleural diseases

Chest wall diseases

Neuromuscular diseases

25
Q

Pleural diseases which can cause restrictive lung disease

A

Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Pleural thickening

26
Q

Chest wall diseases which can cause restrictive lung disease

A

Scoliosis
Ankylosing spondylitis

27
Q

Neuromuscular diseases which can cause restrictive lung disease

A

Polio
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Myasthenia gravis
Muscular dystrophy

Anaesthetic FRCA Primary - Respiratory Physiology and Pulmonary Pathophysiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions