Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary Lecture Test #2 > Pulmonary pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What pathology presents: swelling of the bronchi secondary to infection.
Sympt: fever, cough, wheeze

A

Acute Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx for Acute Bronchitis

A

Antibiotics, Bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What pathology presents: polyps block airways

Symp: low grade fever, dyspnea, cough, decrease FEV1/FVC

A

Bronchiolitis Obliterans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tx for bronchiolitis oblitierans

A

antibiotics, bronchodilators, prevent exposure, O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In adults, bronchiolitis obliterans can be a complication:

A

…of infection or due to toxic fumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What pathology presents as a collapse of part/all lungs secondary to collapse of alveoli

A

Acetilitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What pathology presents as a collapse of part/all lungs secondary to air/pressure build up around lung

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which way will the trachea shift towards:

A

Toward the lung w/ less pressure & away from the greater pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe Cor pulmonale

A

R ventricular heart failure tied w/ pulmonary problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pathology presents as swelling of the bronchi & bronchioles secondary to smoking, allergies, air pollution.
Symp: productive cough >3 mo for 2 consecutive yrs, wheeze, polycthemia, R ventric failure

A

Chronic Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx for chronic bronchitis

A

IV fluids, antibiotics, bronchodilators, O2, corticosteroids; if R vent failure–> diuretics, digitalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who is more likely to die:
Both Roan and Kristie Lee are 80 y/o and have chronic bronchitis. Roan stays in bed bc of her frail bones while Lee still plays soccer w/ the grandchildren?

A

Roan- bc 50% pt are 4x more likely to die vs active pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is there possibility of having polycthemia as a result from Chronic Bronchitis

A

decreased O2–>Kidney compensates–> increase RBC polycthemia–> increase risk of heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pathology presents as abnormal permanent enlargement of airspaces & destruction of terminal bronchioles
Symp: chronic cough, wheeze, SOB, decreased endurance & RR, risk of embolism

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx of Emphysema

A

Mucolytics, non-catecholamines (ephedrine, albuterol) , lung resection or transplant, bronchodilators (Theophylline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If an emphysema pt cant get out of bed, would you give them ankle pumps? Why or why not.

A

bc there is increased risk for DVT in pt w/ emphysema–> increased HCT–> embolism risk–> increased risk for DVT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 common causes of death of pts w/ emphysema

A

CHF, resp failure, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, pulmonary embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who would most likely have centrilobular emphysema:
Will (who smokes, and has R vent failure and polycythemia)
Nicole (who drinks, and has L atria failure)

A

Will- common in Males and hx w/ chronic bronchitis, rare in non-smokers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which is most common Emphysema: Centrilobar or Panlobular

A

Centrilobular is 20x more common than Panlobular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What pathology presents as inflammation, edema, thicken bronchiolar walls, destruction of bronchioles. Affects Upper Lobes & Superior Lower Lobes

A

Centrilobular Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What pathology presents as destructive enlargement of alveoli; Bronchioles prone to collapse–> HIGH risk of pneumothorax; Affects Lower Lobes

A

Panlobular Emphysema

22
Q

What pathology presents as narrowing/occluded lumen of the airways by a combination of smooth mm spasm, inflammation of mucosa & overproduction of mucus
Symp: wheeze, SOB, decreased endurance, waking at night, lung sounds gradually decrease

A

Asthma

23
Q

Tx for Asthma

A

Non-catecholamines, bronchodilators, steroids, O2

24
Q

Would you suggest that Bronte, who has asthma, to do her HEP in the evening? why or why not

A

Asthma can occur 6-8hrs after submax exercises is stopped.

25
Q

What pathology presents as dilation of medium sized bronchi/bronchioles (usually due to necrotizing infection & something inhaled).
Symp: productive cough, recurrent infections emacitation, clubbed fingers;
*Bonus Name Symp for chronic

A

BronchIECTASIS;

*chronic: apnea & R ventricular failure

26
Q

Tx of bronchiectasis

A

antibiotics, bronchodilators, mucolytics, expectorants

27
Q

What are the types of bronchiectasis & describe them.

Which is the most common*.

A
  • Cylindrical*- causes uniform dilation
  • Varicose- larger > cylindrical
  • Sacular- outgrowths like balloons
28
Q

What pathology presents as proliferation of fibrous CT w/in the lungs.
Symp: fatigue, SOB w/ exertion, UNproductive cough

A

Fibrosis

29
Q

How many different types of Fibrosis are there. Name at least 2.

A
  • 130 known types
  • Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Cystic Fibrosis
30
Q

What pathology is possibly due to poor wound healing at the site of damage to the tissues; Thickening of alveolar wall progressing to scarring.

A

Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

31
Q

What pathology is likely to be genetic. It causes heightened mucus secretions systemically. Life expectancy is now 40 y/o

A

Cystic Fibrosis

32
Q

Tx for CF

A

anti-funal, antibiotics, mucolytics, corticosteroids, immunesuppressants

33
Q

What pathology has Symp: fatigue, SOB, unproductive cough.

A

Eosinophilia

34
Q

Name the 3 Eosinophilia, and out of them which one is self limiting and which one is RARE in Male 30-40’s.

A
  1. Simple pulmonary eosinophilia- self limiting
  2. Prolonged pulmonary eosinophilia leads to fibrosis.
  3. Eosinophilic Granuloma is Rare in Male 30-40’s
35
Q

Tx for Eosinophilia

A

simple P Eo- none
prolonged p Ep- corticosteroids, bronchodilators, & antibodiotics
Eosinophilic Granuloma- JUST sympt relief =(

36
Q

What pathology presents as alveoli fill w/ lipid rich materials; etiology is unknown.
Symp: Male 30-50y/o, SOB, wt loss, hemoptysis, chest pain

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

37
Q

Tx for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

PT Tx.

A
  • whole lung lavage (running saline via the lower lung)

- percussion

38
Q

What pathology presents as affecting multiple organs, lungs most often.
Symp: respiratory constriction, hilar adenopathy (enlarged mediastinum lymphnodes), cysts, bullae (bubbles)

A

Sarcoidosis

39
Q

Tx for Sarcoidosis

A

corticosteroids

40
Q

What pathology presents as infection that persists in lungs, immune system attempts to fight & fiberous tissue results.
Symp: asymptomatic during primary infection–> later develop unproductive cough, fever crackles;
* Bonus Xray shows what.

A

Tuberculosis; Xray shows fluffy shadows

41
Q

What is the mode of transmssion of tuberculosis.

A
  • Incubation is 2-12 wk
  • blood, kidney, bone, brain, & lymph
  • Difficult to dx in children due to non-specific symptoms such as failure to thrive, cough, malaise
42
Q

Tx for TB

A

1st: prevention- keep from airborn pathogens
2nd: riphampin & isoniazid (INH) for 6 mo to suppress infection

43
Q

What pathology presents as Acute Inflammation of the lungs when the airways are not kept clear of infectious agents
Symp: productive cough, SOB, fever, crackles, increased WBC count, (+) sputum
*Bonus: Whats the prognosis

A

Pneumonia; *6th leading cause of death.

44
Q

Tx of pneumonia

A

medicines depend on the cause of the pneumonia; early mobilization; chest PT

45
Q

What pathology presents as- can be from external injury or systemic infection.
Symp: rapid onset of respiratory failure unresponsive to oxygen; pulmonary edema, hyaline cartilage formation and hemorrhage, crackles, pink frothy exudate

A

ARD-Acute Respiratory Distress (ALI- acute lung injury)

46
Q

Factors that predispose pt to ARD’s/ALI

A

mechanical ventilators, pneumonia, sepsis, near drowning, blood transfusions, aspiration

47
Q

Tx for ARD

A

ventilator, meds if indicated, restrictive breathing patterns

48
Q

3 Phases of ARD/ALI & describe what happens with them

A

Exudative phase- pulmonary edema, hyaline cartilage formation and hemorrhage.
Cellular proliferation- influx of nutraphil–> blocks
Finbroproliferation- inj area replaced by fibrin

49
Q

What is Pleurasy

A

inflammation of pleura (viral/ bacterial); sharp chest pain worsens w. breathing

50
Q

What pulmonary pathology has Symp: SOB, non-productive cough, hemoptosis

A

Lung CA

51
Q

Tx of Lung CA

A

Depends on stage of disease, radiation, chemo, sx

52
Q

2 types of CA & describe them

A

Small cell- tumors are smaller than mature lymphocytes; 25% deaths
Non-small cell- tumers are larger; 75% of deaths, usually moderate-advanved by the time it is found

Cardiopulmonary Lecture Test #2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions