Pulmonary Pathology I Flashcards
Basic composition of airways
mucus glands, smooth muscle and ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium
Bronchi (general definition) + pathologies that can affect bronchi
- bronchi = large airways w/cartilage
- Acute bronchitis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Bronchiectasis
- Asthma
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/318/a_image_thumb.png?1659424499)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in Acute Bronchitis
- Neutrophils in the airway lumen and infiltrating the wall of the airway
- Usually infectious
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/392/a_image_thumb.png?1659424499)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic inflammation (mostly lymphocytes) in the airway wall
Squamous metaplasia of the epithelium (transformation of the ciliated columnar type cells to flattened polygonal squamous cells)
Mucus gland hypertrophy (too many glands making too much mucus)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/412/a_image_thumb.png?1659424499)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in Bronchiectasis
- Dilation of the airway compared to the neighboring vessel (should be roughly the same size)
- Often the result of long-standing infection/inflammation
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/450/a_image_thumb.png?1659424500)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in Asthma
- Thickened subbasal lamina
- Eosinophilic inflammation
- Mucus hypersecretion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/461/a_image_thumb.png?1659424500)
Bronchioles (general definition) + pathology affecting bronchioles
- broncioles = small airways w/out cartilage
- chronic bronciolitis
- follicular bronchiolitis
- constrictive/obliterative bronchiolitis
- granulomatous bronchiolitis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/942/518/a_image_thumb.png?1659424500)
Structures indicated by arrows (A - D)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/943/813/q_image_thumb.png?1659475821)
A. Mucus glands
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cartilage
D. Epithelium
Process occuring + likely dx
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/025/q_image_thumb.png?1659475821)
- squamous metaplasia
- chronic bronchitis
Process occuring + likely dx
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/088/q_image_thumb.png?1659475821)
- mucus gland hyperplasia
- dx: chronic bronchitis
Pathologic (histologic) changes in chronic bronchiolitis
- Inflammation in the wall of small airways that do not contain cartilage.
- Most common type of inflammation is chronic inflammation (lymphocyte predominate)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/138/a_image_thumb.png?1659424501)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in follicular bronchiolitis
lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/543/a_image_thumb.png?1659424501)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in constrictive/obliterative bronchiolitis
- Fibrosis squeezing the airway lumen shut
- May cause severe airtrapping in the downstream lung
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/548/a_image_thumb.png?1659424502)
Pathologic (histologic) changes in granulomatous bronchiolitis
- Granulomas composed of clustered histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells
- May be centrally necrotizing or nonnecrotizing
- Necrotizing cases are usually infectious
- Nonnecrotizing cases may be infection, sarcoid or chronic beryllium disease
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/565/a_image_thumb.png?1659424502)
Probable dx
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/095/944/904/q_image_thumb.png?1659475822)
constrictive bronciolitis