PNA/Influenza Flashcards
1
Q
Pneumonia definition + main types
A
- infection of the lung parenchyma
- community acquired pneumonia (CAP) = infection outside of health-care system
- health-care associated pneumonia (HCAP) = infections relating to health-care system
- hospital-acquired
- ventilator associated
2
Q
Pathogenesis of Pneumonia
A
- **inhalation of infectious particles ==> CAP
- inhalation of oropharyngeal/gastric contents
- hematogenous spread
- infectious from adjacent structures
- direct inoculation
- reactivation
3
Q
Pneumonia symptoms
A
- fever, chills
- pleuritic chest pain
- dyspnea
- cough
- productive ==> bacterial
- non-productive ==> viral/atypical
- anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- mental status changes
4
Q
Pneumonia signs
A
- tachypnea
- tachycardia
- lungs ==> crackles, rhonchi
- egophany
- dullness to percussion
- bronchial breath sounds
5
Q
Historical features ==> infectious differential diagnosis
A
- COPD ==> S. pneumo, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Legionella sp.
- HIV ==> M. tuberculosis
- Postinfluenza ==> S. pneumo, S. aureus, Strep pyogenes, H. influenzae
- Aspiration ==> mixed aerobic, anaerobic
6
Q
Common radiographic reatures of pneumonia
A
- lboar consolidation
- interstitial infiltrates
- cavitation
7
Q
Differential dx of radiographic abnormalities on CXR
A
- pneumonia
- pulmonary edema
- pulmonary/diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
- pulmonary embolism
- malignancy
- drug-induced lung disease
- inflammation
8
Q
Radiographic patterns ==> infections differential dx
A
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/096/427/442/a_image_thumb.png?1659424663)
9
Q
Pneumonia Severity Index definition
A
- risk scale developed by PORT (patient outcome research team) study
- divides pts into risk classes (I ==> V) based on risk factors and helps provide indications for admission
10
Q
Tests recommended for all suspected pneumonias
A
- CXR
- CBC
- metabolic profile
- blood gas or pulse ox
11
Q
Advanced dx testing for pneumonia
A
- sputum sample + staining
- gram-staining ==> gram + or - bacteria
- acid fast stain ==> mycobacteria
- bronchoalveolar lavage or pleural fluid analysis for organisms
- sputum culture ==> tailor therapy
- blood cultures
- fiberoptic bronchoscopy
- biopsy: transbronchial or open lung
12
Q
Serologic testing in pneumonia
A
- high IgG titers in blood can indicate infection w/:
- Legionella
- Mycoplasma
- C. pneumonia
13
Q
Molecular techniques used to dx pneumonia
A
- DNA probes detect bacteria in sputum:
- Legionella
- M. pneumoniae
- M. tubuerculosis
- PCR assay of sputum:
- atypical bacteria
- viruss
- mycobacteria
- procalcitonin in blood:
- elevated levels indicate inflammation/bacterial infections
14
Q
Possible substances that can fill alveoli
A
- Poor Funny Boy Cant Piss For Crap
Poor - Pus
Funny - Fluid
Boy - Blood
Can’t - Cells/Cancer
Piss - Protein
For - Fat (Lipid)
Crap - Calcium
15
Q
Pneumonia DDX: airway diseases
A
- •Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)
- •Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosus (ABPA)
- •Bronchiectasis
- •Bronchopulmonary sequestration
- •Bronchocentric granulomatosis