Pulmonary Overview Flashcards
(54 cards)
Name how many lobes each lung has
3 - Right lung: upper, middle, and lower lobes
2 - Left lung: upper and lower lobes
The trachea bifurcates into its mainstem bronchi at the levels of the ____ anteriorly and the _____ posteriorly
sternal angle
T4 spinous process
What are serous membranes that cover the outer surface of
each lung?
The pleurae
the pleura that cover the outer surface of each lung
visceral pleura
the pleura that cover the inner rib cage and upper surface of the diaphragm
parietal pleura
The main buffer system utilized by the body is the what?
bicarbonate buffer system
What is the major Respiratory Component because it depends upon the rate of respiration?
pCO2
The bicarbonate buffer system is unique because why?
It has a huge buffering capacity because it communicates with air – it is an open system
What is the major Metabolic Component because its plasma concentration is maintained by the kidney, and is affected by amount of nonvolatile acids made?
HCO3
Increase in pCO2 (and decrease in pH) results in what?
increase in respiratory rate
Receptors in carotid bodies and in the aortic arch are sensitive to what?
arterial pO2 (the partial pressure of oxygen)
Decrease in pO2 level of what then results in the respiratory rate increasing?
pO2 < 60mmHg
Central chemoreceptors in the Medulla are sensitive to what?
pCO2 and pH
On pulse oximetry, a level less than what requires oxygen?
Less than 88%,
Pulmonary function testing measures what?
how well you are breathing
Pulmonary function testing provides objective data on what four factors?
Type of disease
Severity of disease
Changes in the disease
Response to treatment
Pulmonary function testing will give what three categories of information?
Lung volumes
Flow rates
Diffusing capacity
Volume of gas in the lungs at the end of maximum inspiration/amount of air contained in the fully expanded lung
Total lung capacity
The amount of air breathed in (inspired) or out (expired) during normal respiration (spontaneous breath)
Tidal volume
The additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal breath in
Inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air left in the lung at end of normal breathing exhalation
Functional residual capacity
The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration
Vital capacity
The amount of air left in the lung after a maximal exhalation (never expired)
Residual volume
The volume that can be inhaled after a tidal breath – out
Inspiratory capacity
