Other Pulmonary Disorders or Conditions

Question 1

This condition is a form of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer 1

Hyaline Membrane Disease

Question 2

What is the pathophysiology of Hyaline Membrane Disease?

Answer 2

Deficiency of surfactant

Question 3

What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in preterm infant?

Answer 3

Hyaline Membrane Disease

Question 4

What are the risk factors for developing Hyaline Membrane Disease?

Answer 4

preterm infant
Maternal diabetes
Second twin
male

Question 5

What is the age range you will typically see Hyaline Membrane Disease?

Answer 5

26-28 weeks gestation

Question 6

What medication/steps are taken to help prevent Hyaline Membrane Disease? And why?

Answer 6

Corticosteroids to mother 24 hours prior to preterm birth decreases
incidence

Steroids promote lung maturity

Question 7

What is the most common location for a foreign body?

Answer 7

lower airway aspiration

Question 8

What are the most common ages for a foreign body?

Answer 8

6-30 months

Question 9

What is needed for diagnosis of a foreign body?

Answer 9

Need both an inspired and expired CXR
Lateral radiographs of the neck

Question 10

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure after a systemic or pulmonary
insult without heart failure

Answer 10

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Question 11

What is the most common etiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 11

sepsis

Question 12

What are other causes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 12

Aspiration
Toxic inhalation
Near-drowning

Question 13

What are some clinical manifestations of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 13

Pink, frothy sputum

Bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates

Normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (≤18 mm Hg)

Pa02/FI02 <200

Question 14

What is the mortality percentage of patients with ARDS?

Answer 14

30-40%

Question 15

What is the mortality percentage of patients with ARDS from sepsis?

Answer 15

90%