Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophys > Pulmonary Module 1: Structure and Function of Pulmonary System > Flashcards

Pulmonary Module 1: Structure and Function of Pulmonary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the velocity in the trachea and what size are the cross sections

A

V= high

Cross sections = small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does trachea bifurcate

A

Carina, sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many lobes in the R/L lung

A

R=3 L=2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bronchi divide until they become ____ and finally ____ ____.

A

Terminal, Respiratory broncholies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The tracheal tree terminates at:

A

Acinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The acinus is composed of three structures

A

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts and alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acinus is the region of

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary function of pulmonary system

A

gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non respiration functions of pulmonary system (5)

A
  1. Phonation (sound)
  2. Acid base balance
  3. Pulmonary defense (warm air)
  4. Metabolic role
  5. Air filtration and removal of particles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name 2 mechanisms of defense in the filtration and removal of FB

A
  1. particles trapped in mucus sheath lining of tubules

2. FB removed by ciliary actions and refluxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ciliary action =

A

mucus escalator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reflexs: Irritant receptors produce what

A

Sneeze (nasopharynx) and cough (trachea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 functionally divided regions

A

Conducting zone and respiratory zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conducting zone consist of what part of respiratory tract

A

Upper resp tract and terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There are no _____ in the conducting zone

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

First ___ generations of tracheal tree represent conduct zone

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary function of the conducting zone

A

provide passage of air into and out of gas exchange areas of lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does gas exchange occur in the conducting zone

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Air flow in the conductive zone is initially:

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Air flow in the conductive zone is initially fast, then progressively slows because:

A

tracheal tree due to small structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the anatomical dead space

A

Volume brought into lungs but does not reach the respiratory zone “gas exchange region”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 3 defense mechanisms of the conducting zone

A
  1. mucocillary escalator - cilia
  2. Sneeze - nose
  3. Cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Particles >10 um in diameter. 2-10 um in diameter. <2 um in diameter. where are they filtered out

A

> 10 = sneeze. 2-10 cough from bronchioles. <2 phagocytes/macrophages engulf FB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 sections of the respiratory airway zone

A
  1. Transitional section

2. Respiratory section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Respiratory airway zone form by what structures

A

Respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs

26
Q

Alveoli found staring at ____th - ____th division (generation)

A

17-19

27
Q

Alveoli completely line the ____the - 22nd division

A

20

28
Q

Alveoli sac represent the ___rd generation

A

23

29
Q

Acinus includes what structures

A

Bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, Alveolar sacs

30
Q

Bronchioles are the first site of

A

gas exchange

31
Q

Alveolar ducts are:

A

portion that is surrounded by grape like clusters of alveoli

32
Q

Alveolar sacs are:

A

Clusters of single alveoli

33
Q

Where are Pores of Kohn found

A

Alveolar sacs

34
Q

What do the Pores of Kohn allow

A

adjacent alveoli to exchange air between each other

35
Q

Alveoli is the site for what to occur

A

primary gas exchange

36
Q

Alveolar septa consists of 2 layers

A

epitheal layer and basement membrane

37
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells are

A

the physical structure of alveoli

38
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells produce

A

surfactant

39
Q

What is the basement membrane

A

Thin elastic layer that allows gas exchange

40
Q

2 defense mechanisms of alveoli

A
  1. Alveolar phagocytes/macrophages NO cough reflex

2. Wall and lining of the airway

41
Q

Is there a cough reflex in the alveoli?

A

NO

42
Q

The entire respiratory tract/ tracheal tree is lined by mucus producing cells and ciliates cells EXCEPT:

A

respiratory bronchioles - region of gas exchange. Ant 1/3 of nose and portions of the pharynx

43
Q

Epithelial lining is composed of what

A
  1. Cilated cells - mucus escalator

2. mucus producing cells - single exocrine cells distributed between numerous ciliated cells

44
Q

Two types of mucus producing cells found in the airway and there location

A
  1. Goblet cells - prox to bronchioles

2. Clara cells - located in the Terminal bronchioles

45
Q

Mucus glands are located

A

located throughout the respiratory tract also produce/secrete mucus. Found deep in submucosa (3rd layer connective tissue)

46
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Hypertrophy of mucus producing cells, too much mucus

47
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

genetic - excessive mucus, sweat, digestive juices, mucus accumulated in the lungs promotes infection

48
Q

Pulmonary vs Bronchial Circulation

A

“un ox blood” vs “ox blood”

49
Q

Function of pulmonary circulation

A
  1. facilitates gas exchange
  2. acts as reservoir for L ventricle
  3. acts as a filter system to remove particles
50
Q

Alveolocapillary membrane is composed of

A

alveolar and capillary walls merge together.

  1. alveolar epithelium and basement membrane
  2. interstitial space
  3. capillary basement membrane and epithelium
51
Q

Alveolocapillary membrane is the site of

A

gas exchange

52
Q

What is the ratio of blood to surface area

A

100 mL of blood in capillaries spread across 70-100 m2. = 1/10 L spread over 10m x 10m

53
Q

Function of bronchial circulation

A

Supply nutrients to structures of lungs

54
Q

Function of lymphatic capiliaries

A

drain structures of lungs

55
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries located

A

located throughout tracheal tree through terminal bronchiole NO vessels in sites of gas exchange

56
Q

Chest wall structures consist of

A

Ribs, intercostal muscles

57
Q

Visceral pleura lines the

A

lungs

58
Q

Parietal pleura lines the

A

chest wall

59
Q

Pressure in the pleural space

A

-4 - -10 mmHg

60
Q

Pneumothorax

A

air enters pleural cavity, increase pressure in pleural cavity = collapsed lung

Pathophys (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions