Pulmonary lung volumes & Pneumothorax Flashcards
Define Residual Volume
volume of air remaining in lungs after max expiratory effort
Define Functional Residual Capacity
amount of air remaining in lungs after the end of normal quiet respiration
Equation of FRC?
ERV + RV
T or F. smaller the FRC, less amount of gas exchange in alveoli
TRUE
What 2 simple things are needed for oxygen to get into the alveoli (not chemically)?
Blood Flow (Perfusion) and Ventilation
Define Expiratory Reserve Volume
maximal amount of gas that can be exhaled from the resting end-expiratory level
Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume
maximal amount of gas that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory position
Define Vital Capacity
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
How of the time do we spend exhaling?
2/3 of the time
Why would someone who took 3 VC breaths desaturate faster than someone who took TV breaths for 3 minutes?
The total oxygen in the entire body would be less in someone that took 3 VC breaths than someone who was preoxygenated longer
Normal Lung Volumes?
Tidal Volume - 500cc IRV - 3000cc ERV - 1100cc RV - 1200cc FRC - 2300cc Total Lung Capacity - 5800cc
What’s part of static lung volume?
Involves Residual Volume and Total Lung Capacity
Define Forced Vital Capacity
Taking a deep breath in and forcing the air all the way out
What does FVC depend on?
It depends on how much motor strength the patient has to be able to push the air out
Define Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
its how much air we can expel in the first second
What is a normal percentage for FEV1?
70-80%
T or F. FEV is dependent on how much air we can inspire.
FALSE. it does NOT depend on how much we can inspire
Define Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)
when you tell a patient to breathe as deep and as fast as they can
What does MVV measure?
It measures amount of motor activity and how well muscles work
Define Closing Capacity
volume in the lungs where alveoli and airways start to collapse
Where would you see CC?
Below FRC
What increases chances of CC?
age, smoking history, intrinsic lung disease and body position
What impacts FRC?
Body Habitus, Age, Sex, Posture, Lung Disease, Diaphragmatic Tone
Which has least resistance? Laminar or Turbulent
LAMINAR
When does laminar flow become turbulent flow
when the pressure difference increases
Which occurs in FASTER velocities? Laminar or Turbulent
TURBULENT
Where would you see Laminar Flow?
in large airways
Why even mention laminar and turbulent flow?
There is airway resistance from friction in the anatomy of the respiratory tract
What is Poiseuille’s Law
measurement of resistance
Resistance to flow is inversely proportional to what and by how much
inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4 or by 16 fold
what are the 3 categories of a pneumothorax?
Spontaneous, Traumatic, Tension
What are the subcategories of Spontaneous Pneumothorax and what the difference between them?
- Primary - occurs in absence of known lung disease
2. Secondary - occurs in a variety of lung disease
Which lung disease is most commonly known for causing a Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
COPD
What is a Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
When there is no injury to the lung or chest wall directly, but there a rupture in the alveoli
What is a Traumatic Pneumothorax?
caused from any sort of penetration trauma (gun, knife, blunt force)
what are signs and symptoms to diagnose a pneumothorax?
Acute onset dyspnea Chest Pain Hypotension Tachycardia Pulsus Paradoxus Tracheal Deviation
What is a Pulsus Paradoxus?
large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration
