Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 1

mmHg at rest measured by RHC

Answer 1

Mean PPA >20

Question 2

Previously defined as mmhg

Answer 2

PPA ≥25

Question 3

concluded that the average mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure is

Answer 3

20 mmHG

Question 4

Pulmonary arterial hypertension(pah). This group includes idiopathic (of unknown
cause), heritable, drug-induced, and
associated forms of PAH,

Answer 4

Group 1

Question 5

pH associated with left heart disease. VERY COMMON
PH in this group is caused by left-sided
heart diseases such as left ventricular
dysfunction, valvular heart disease, or
heart failure.

Answer 5

Group 2

Question 6

pH associated with lung disease. COMMON
Lung conditions such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
interstitial lung disease, and
sleep-disordered breathing

Answer 6

Group 3

Question 7

pH associated with pulmonary artery obstruction. RARE
CTEPH is caused by chronic blood clots
in the pulmonary arteries, leading to
increased pressure and resistance within
the pulmonary circulation.

Answer 7

Group 4

Question 8

pH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms
This group encompasses PH
associated with various conditions
that do not fit into the other
categories, including hematological
disorders,

Answer 8

Group 5

Question 9

Prevalence in general population estimated at

Answer 9

15-50 cases per 1 million
adults

Question 10

Average survival of untreated idiopathic is

Answer 10

2.8 years
34% survival at 5 years

Question 11

is complex and involves multiple steps to rule out other possible disease processes

Answer 11

Diagnosis of PAH

Question 12

involves measuring the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in
arterial blood.

Answer 12

abg analysis

Question 13

involves wearing a device that continuously monitors blood oxygen
levels while the patient sleeps.

Answer 13

An ECG records

Question 14

is a nuclear medicine imaging test used to assess airflow and blood flow in the
lungs.

Answer 14

Ventilation/Perfusion Lung Scan (V/Q)

Question 15

may be performed to evaluate for autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) or scleroderma, which can be associated with PH.

Answer 15

Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) testing

Question 16

is the gold standard for diagnosing and classifying PH.

Answer 16

Right heart catheterization

Question 17

can show whether the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle are enlarged,
sometimes with pruning of the peripheral vessels.

Answer 17

Chest X-Ray

Question 18

Used to rule out underlying etiologies or
condition(s) that may be causing PH.

Answer 18

Chest High-Resolution CT

Question 19

Chest magnetic resonance imaging, or chest MRI, can also help detect signs of PH or an underlying condition causing PH.

Answer 19

Chest MRI

Question 20

is usually the first
test to suggest a diagnosis of PH

Answer 20

Echocardiography

Question 21

is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased or failing heart with a healthy donor heart.

Answer 21

Heart transplantation:

Question 22

involves replacing one or both diseased lungs with healthy
donor lungs.

Answer 22

Lung transplant surgery