Parenchymal

Question 1

is a broad term that includes pulmonary exposure to a wide range of
chemicals in various forms including smoke, gasses, vapors, or fumes. Inhalation injury from
smoke exposure is commonly seen in patients exposed to fires.

Answer 1

Inhalation injury

Question 2

can be used for a
limited direct examination of the
upper airways for obvious signs of
smoke inhalation.

Answer 2

Nasopharyngoscopy or direct
laryngoscopy

Question 3

can help predict the risk and severity of acute lung injury, which aid in subsequent
management (eg, fluid therapy, treatment of
tracheobronchitis).

Answer 3

Findings on bronchoscopy

Question 4

The leading injury in the upper airway due to heat exchange in the oro- and nasopharynx.

Answer 4

thermal injury

Question 5

occur due to the chemical makeup of the
smoke.

Answer 5

Injuries to the tracheobronchial

Question 6

occur because of the above mechanism resulting in alveolar collapse, which then causes increased transvascular fluid flux, a
decrease in surfactant, and a loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction and therefore
impaired oxygenation.

Answer 6

Injuries to the parenchyma

Question 7

is a severe form of respiratory failure
characterized by the rapid onset of bilateral (both lungs)
inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs.

Answer 7

Acute Lung Injury or ALI

Question 8

represents a spectrum of acute respiratory failure with
bilateral lung injury and severe hypoxemia caused by non-cardiogenic pulmonary
edema.

Answer 8

Acute lung injury (ALI)

Question 9

are two types of Acute Lung Injury

Answer 9

Direct Lung Injury: Indirect Lung Injury:

Question 10

are produced locally in the lung by alveolar
macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts.

Answer 10

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1,
and IL-8

Question 11

involves inserting a thin, flexible tube into the
airways to visualize the lungs and collect samples for further
analysis.

Answer 11

Bronchoscopy

Question 12

To open constricted airways and ease
breathing.

Answer 12

Bronchodilation

Question 13

Frequent suctioning and chest
physiotherapy to clear airway secretions.

Answer 13

Pulmonary Toilet:

Question 14

High concentrations of
oxygen to improve oxygenation.

Answer 14

Oxygen Therapy:

Question 15

A permanent condition that can reduce lung function, cause shortness of breath, and increase susceptibility to infections. In the most severe cases, it may require lung
transplantation.

Answer 15

Fibrosis