Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 1

Normal pressure in pulmonary artery

Answer 1

10 mmhg

Question 2

Pulmonary htn pressure

Answer 2

> 25mmhg

Question 3

Types of pulmonary htn

Answer 3

1° & 2°

Question 4

1° features

Answer 4

20-40 yrs young female
Inactivation of BMPR 2
In normal case when there is not mutation this gene does the- smooth muscle cell apoptosis
But when mutation happens there is increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells—»high degree of resistance to the blood flow —»pulmonary hypertension

Question 5

2° Pulmonary hypertension features

Answer 5

MC seen clinically : high altitude/ pulmonary disease
Hypoxemia ——»Vasoconstriction
Left ventricular failure/mitral stenosis
Recurrent pulmonary embolism
Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 6

Microscopic appearance:

Answer 6

Medial hypertrophy (affects elastic and muscular Arteries
Pulmonary artery atherosclerosis
Presence of Plexiform lesion( vessels=> tough tough capillaries)
Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 7

Clinical features

Answer 7

Dyspnea
Fatigue
Chest pain

Question 8

CR findings=

Answer 8

Tapering of pulmonary artery

Question 9

Treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Answer 9

🤗- O²
🤗- diuretics
🤗-Vasodialators~ Endothelin antagonist, ~prostanoids
🤗-lung transplant