Pulmonary Hypertension Flashcards
What is type 1 pulmonary hypertension and what are the potential causes?
Arterial hypertension, caused by: Idiopathic Heritable Drugs/toxins - amphetamines, cocaine Connective tissue disease HIV Portal hypertension Congenital heart disease Schistoshomiasis
What is type 2 pulmonary hypertension and what are the potential causes?
Venous hypertension, caused by: Left ventricular dysfunction Valvular heart disease Congenital outflow tract obstruction Congenital cardiomyopathy Pulmonary venous stenosis
What is type 3 pulmonary hypertension and what are the potential causes?
Hypoxic hypertension, caused by: COPD ILD Obstructive sleep apnoea Chronic exposure to high altitude
What is type 4 pulmonary hypertension and what are the potential causes?
Thromboembolic hypertension, caused by:
Chronic PE
Angiosarcoma
Arteritis
What is type 5 pulmonary hypertension and what are the potential causes?
Multiple or unclear cause e.g. Haematological disease Sarcoidosis Vasculitis Glycogen storage disease Gaucher disease Thyroid disease CKD
What are the symptoms / signs of pulmonary hypertension?
Gradual onset shortness of breath, fainting, tiredness, chest pain, ankle oedema and tachycardia
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for pulmonary hypertension?
Right heart catheterisation
What is the treatment for arterial (type 1) pulmonary hypertension?
Pharmacological / surgical optimisation of left ventricular function
Vasoactive agents
In what type of pulmonary hypertension should vasoactive agents not be used?
Type 2 (venous) or type 3 (hypoxic)
What is cor Pulmonale?
Enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart due to pulmonary hypertension
What are the signs/symptoms of cor Pulmonale?
SOB Wheezing Cyanosis Raised JVP Ascites Jaundice Hepatomegaly Third heart sound Intercostal recession Presence of abnormal heart sounds
What treatments may be involved in the management of cor Pulmonale?
Antibiotics Expectorants O2 Diuretics Digoxin Vasodilators Bronchodilators Anticoagulants
