Pulmonary Function Tests (Selby) Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath

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2
Q

What is Forced vital capacity (FVC)?

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled beginning with the lungs completely full and blowing maximally until the lungs are as empty as possible

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3
Q

What is Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)?

A

Amount of air expelled during the first second of the FVC maneuver

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4
Q

What is Residual volume (RV)?

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs after most forceful expiration

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5
Q

What is Total lung capacity (TLC)?

A

Maximum volume to which lungs can be expanded with inspiration

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6
Q

Spirometry with flow volume curves or loops is a component of Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) that includes measurement of?

What are the specific measurements?

A

1) Exhaled or inhaled air during forced maneuvers

2) FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio

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7
Q

What FEV1/FVC ratio is obstructive lung disease defined as?

A

FEV1/FVC < 0.70

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8
Q

Flow volume curve is a graphic display of?

Flow volume loop is a graphic display of?

A

1) Expiratory flow only

2) Both expiratory and inspiratory flow

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9
Q

Lung volumes and capacities is a component of PFT that is measured by different techniques but most commonly by?

What are the specific measurements?

A

1) Body plethysmography

2) TLC and RV

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10
Q

Diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a component of PFT that measures?

A

Gas exchange through alveolar wall

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11
Q

Bronchodilator therapy is a component of PFT that is used only in?

If >12% increase in FEV1 or FVC AND an absolute volume increase of >200 ml

A

Obstructive lung disease to determine if airway obstruction is reversible

If Yes, patient has Asthma
If No, Patient has COPD or other obstructive disease

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12
Q

Bronchoprovocation is a component of PFT that is used when?

What is the most commonly technique used?

A

1) If PFT results are normal but physician still suspects asthma
2) Methacholine challenge

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13
Q

Methacholine is a synthetic analogue to?

It stimulates what receptors on airway smooth muscle cells leading to bronchoconstriction?

A

1) Acetylcholine

2) Muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

What does the expiratory flow look like on a normal flow volume curve and normal flow volume loop?

What does the inspiratory flow look like on a normal flow volume loop?

A

1) Rapid rise and linear fall

2) Saddle shaped

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15
Q

What is the Flow Volume Curve pattern for obstruction?

For restriction?

A

1) Concave or scooping pattern

2) Peaked, Steeple, or Witch’s hat pattern

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16
Q

COPD (chronic bronchitis, emphysema), Asthma, Bronchiectasis, and Bronchiolitis are all characteristic of?

A

Obstructive lung disease

17
Q

Abnormalities of chest wall or pleura (kyphosis, scoliosis, obesity), drugs, interstitial lung disease and neuromuscular disease are all characteristic of?

A

Restrictive lung disease

18
Q

What will we find on spirometry for obstructive lung disease PFT?

A

1) FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.70

2) Flow volume curve with “Concave or scooped pattern”

19
Q

What will we find on Lung Volumes and capacities for obstructive lung disease PFT?

A

1) Increase in TLC from air trapping

2) Increase in RV from air trapping

20
Q

What will we find on DLCO for obstructive lung disease PFT?

A

1) Low in emphysema

2) Normal in asthma and bronchitis

21
Q

What is a positive Bronchodilator response determined by?

If they have a positive response what is the diagnosis?

If they have a negative response what is the diagnosis?

A

1) ≥ 12% increase in FEV1 or FVC and an absolute volume increase of ≥ 200 ml
2) Asthma
3) COPD

22
Q

What will we find on spirometry for restrictive lung disease PFT?

A

1) FVC < 80% predicted
2) FEV1/FVC ratio is normal to > 0.70
3) Flow volume curve with “Peaked, steeple, or witch’s hat pattern

23
Q

What will we find on Lung Volumes and capacities for restrictive lung disease PFT?

A

1) Decrease in TLC

2) Decrease in RV

24
Q

What will we find on DLCO for restrictive lung disease PFT?

A

1) Low in interstitial lung disease

2) Normal in neuromuscular or chest wall abnormalities

25
Q

What is mixed PFT patterns?

A mixed pattern is present if what values are low?

A

1) Both restrictive and obstructive lung disease

2) FEV1/FVC ratio and TLC