Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Pulmonary function tests > Flashcards

Pulmonary function tests Flashcards

1
Q

What are pulmonary function tests?

A
  • Tests that measure:
  • Lung volumes
  • Rate of airflow
  • Gas exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pulmonary function tests used for?

A
  • Diagnose patients with respiratory problems
  • Establish severity and progression of lung disease
  • Assess treatment response
  • Monitor patients on meds with lung toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What instruments and methods are used to carry out pulmonary function tests?

A
  • Peak flow meter
  • Spirometry
  • Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
  • Body plethysmography
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is peak expiratory flow measured?

A
  • Peak flow meter
  • Measures maximum airflow rate attained during forced expiration
  • Normal = >80% of predicted average value based on height, gender and age
  • Useful in monitoring people with asthma
  • Baseline is determined when patient is asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is spirometry used for?

A
  • Measures some lung volumes
  • Calculates airflow as volumes are measured over time
  • Produces graphical representations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define tidal volume

A
  • Amount of air moving in and out of lungs at rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define inspiratory reserve volume

A
  • Additional amount of air can be inhaled after normal inspiration
  • I.e. how much more air we can breathe in above tidal volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define expiratory reserve volume

A
  • Additional amount of air can be exhaled after normal expiration
  • I.e. how much more air we can breathe out above tidal volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define residual volume

A
  • Amount of air remaining in lungs after maximal forceful expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define inspiratory capacity

A
  • Total volume of air that can be inspired following a normal expiration (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define functional residual capacity

A
  • Volume of air present in lungs at end of passive expiration
  • Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define total lung capacity

A
  • Volume of air contained in lungs at end of a maximal inspiration
  • Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define vital capacity

A
  • Volume of air exhaled after maximum inspiration
  • Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define total lung capacity

A
  • Volume of air contained in lungs at end of maximal inspiration
  • Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define FEV1

A
  • Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
  • Maximum volume of air that can be forcefully expired within 1 second
  • After maximum expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define FVC

A
  • Forced vital capacity
  • Total amount of air exhaled after maximal inspiration
  • During entire test
  • Occurs over 6 seconds
17
Q

What does the FEV1:FVC ratio represent?

A
  • Represents proportion of patient’s forced vital capacity that they are able to expire in first second of forced expiration
  • If FEV1:FVC <0.7 = obstructive pattern
18
Q

What can spirometry can generate graphical representations of?

A
  • Volume of air moved as a function of time - volume-time plot
  • Rate of airflow as a function of volume of air in lungs - flow-volume loop
19
Q

What does a volume-time plot show?

A
  • Shows FEV1 graphically
  • FVC graphically
  • Y axis shows volume of air expired
  • X axis shows time
20
Q

What does flow volume loop show?

A
  • Volume of air present in lungs at transition of maximum inspiration to expiration = Total lung capacity
  • Volume of air present in lungs at transition of expiration to inspiration is residual volume
21
Q

What is seen in spirometry of a patient with an obstructive lung disease?

A
  • FEV1 decreased
  • Size of decrease indicates severity
22
Q

What does spirometry in patients with COPD and asthma show?

A
  • In COPD, FVC is initially normal but decreases in severe disease
  • Asthma, FVC is typically decreased due to small airways closing prematurely
  • Key diagnostic finding = FEV1:FVC <0.7
23
Q

What happens to total lung capacity and functional residual capacity if there is small airways collapse?

A
  • Air trapping occurs
  • Total lung capacity and functional residual capacity are increased
  • Due to increased residual volume
24
Q

How do we differentiate between asthma and COPD on spirometry?

A
  • Should see improvement in FEV1 of 12% or more between attacks
  • Airways obstruction is reversible
25
Q

Is COPD reversible?

A
  • Degree of reversible airways obstruction
  • Some patients may respond to inhalers
26
Q

What is seen on a volume-time plot and flow volume loop in obstructive lung disease?

A
  • COPD and asthma are obstructive lung diseases
  • Reduced FEV1
  • Indent in line representing expiration (should be straight)
27
Q

What is FEV1 like in restrictive lung diseases?

A
  • May be normal or decreased
  • Decrease is proportionate to FVC
28
Q

What is FVC like in restrictive lung disease?

A
  • Decreased
29
Q

What are FRC and TLC like in restrictive lung diseases?

A
  • Always decreased
30
Q

What does a volume-time plot show in restrictive lung disease?

A
  • Low volumes
  • Rate of air flow is typically normal
31
Q

What will a flow-volume loop show in restrictive lung disease?

A
  • Similar shape to normal
  • Smaller volumes at all points
32
Q

Give examples of restrictive lung diseases?

A
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Myasthenia gravis
33
Q

What do diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide tests determine?

A
  • How much oxygen travels from alveoli of lungs to bloodstream by measuring CO diffusion
  • Provides information on alveolar-capillary membrane
34
Q

What decreases DLCO?

A
  • Emphysema decreases surface area of alveoli
  • Alveolar inflammation increases thickness of alveolar membrane
  • Pulmonary fibrosis increases thickness of alveolar
  • Would expect to see abnormal X-ray or spirometry
35
Q

What does abnormal DLCO with normal chest X-ray and spirometry suggest?

A
  • Problem with vascular part of membrane
  • Suggests idiopathic pulmonary hypertension or chronic thrombo-embolic disease of lung
36
Q

How do you differentiate different restrictive lung diseases?

A
  • Parenchymal lung diseases will have a restrictive patter and abnormal DLCO
  • Restrictive lung diseases related to abnormalities of chest wall (kyphoscoliosis) have normal DLCO
  • Restrictive lung disease related to neuromuscular disease - e.g. myasthenia gravis - have normal DLCO
37
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC ratio in obstructive disease like?

A
  • Decreased
  • FEV1 is normal or decreased
  • FVC is normal or decreased
38
Q

What is the FEV1:FVC ratio in restrictive disease like?

A
  • Normal or increased
  • FEV1 is normal or decreased
  • FVC is decreased

Respiratory (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions