Pulmonary Function Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath (~500mL)

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2
Q

What is forced vital capacity (FVC)?

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled beginning with the lungs completely full and blowing maximally until the lungs are as empty as possible (~4600mL)

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3
Q

What is forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)?

A

Amount of air expelled during the first second of the FVC maneuver

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4
Q

What is residual volume (RV)?

A

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration (~1200mL)

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5
Q

What is total lung capacity (TLC)?

A

Max volume to which the lungs can be expanded with inspiration (~5800mL)

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6
Q

What are the indications for PFTs?

A

Dyspnea at rest or exertion, cough, asthma, COPD, suspected bronchiectasis or bronchiolitis, suspected ILD, suspected neuromuscular or chest wall disease

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7
Q

What is this graph?

A

Normal flow volume curve

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8
Q

What is this graph?

A

Normal flow volume loop

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9
Q

What does this graph show?

A

Moderate obstruction

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10
Q

What does this graph show?

A

Severe obstruction

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11
Q

What does this flow volume curve show?

A

Moderate restriction

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12
Q

What does this flow volume curve show?

A

Severe restriction

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13
Q

What does this flow volume loop show?

A

Variable extra thoracic obstruction (ex. vocal cord paralysis, airway burns, etc); flat inspiration and normal expiration

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14
Q

What does this flow volume loop show?

A

Variable intrathoracic obstruction (ex. airway trauma, airway inflammation, foreign body, etc); flat expiration, normal inspiration

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15
Q

What does this flow volume loop show?

A

Fixed obstruction (either intrathoracic or extra thoracic) include tracheal stenosis, bronchial stenosis, goiters, upper airway tumors

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16
Q

What does this flow volume loop show?

A

Obstructive lung pattern (lower airway)

17
Q

What are common causes of OLD?

A

COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis

18
Q

What are common causes of restrictive lung disease?

A

Abnormalities of chest wall or pleural (kyphosis, scoliosis, obesity, chronic pleural effusions, ankylosing spondylitis, etc), drugs, ILD, neuromuscular dz (ALS, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, etc)

19
Q

Review

A

PFT study sheet