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ECOS III Final > HTN, HLD And Cardiac RF > Flashcards

HTN, HLD And Cardiac RF Flashcards

1
Q

Which labs should be ordered for obesity?

A

CMP, liver enzymes, fasting glucose, A1c, TSH and fasting lipid prolife

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2
Q

What are findings in the eyes for dyslipidemia?

A

Corneal arcus, xanthelasma, lipemia retinalis (rare)

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3
Q

What skin findings will be found in someone with dyslipidemia?

A

Xanthomas and orange palmar creases type III

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4
Q

Which labs should be ordered for dyslipidemia?

A

Fasting serum lipid prolife, fasting glucose, thyroid test, LFT, serum creatinine, UA

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5
Q

Which labs should be ordered for DM?

A

Glucose log, A1c, lipid profile, CMP, TSH, vitamin B12, serum creatinine, eGFR, albumin to creatinine ratio in urine

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6
Q

When should echocardiography be done?

A

Only if clinical evidence of HF or LVH
More sensitive to detect LVH than EKG
Stress echo if you suspect CAD or valvular dz

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7
Q

When should you ultrasound the kidneys?

A

Onset labile, elevated serum creatinine, abnormal urinalysis and bruit heard on PE

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8
Q

What is normal BP?

A

<120/80

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9
Q

What is considered elevated BP?

A

<120-129/<80

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10
Q

What is stage I HTN?

A

BP<130-139/80-89

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11
Q

What is stage II HTN?

A

BP >140/90

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12
Q

What are the best non-pharmacological interventions to decrease BP?

A

Weight loss, healthy diet, reduced intake of dietary Na, enhanced intake of dietary K+, physical activity, moderation in alcohol intake

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13
Q

What is the first line tx for HTN?

A

RAAS inhibitors, CCBs, thiazide diuretics

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14
Q

What is the MOA for Biguanides?

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption; increases insulin sensitivity

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15
Q

What are the indications for Biguanides?

A

T2DM

Ex. Metformin (glucophage)

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16
Q

What are the SE of Biguanides?

A

Anorexia, N/V and diarrhea

17
Q

What are the contraindications for Biguanides?

A

Creatinine above 1.4, liver failure, excessive EtOH intake

18
Q

What is the MOA for sulfonylureas?

A

Stimulates pancreatic islet beta cell inuslin release

19
Q

What are the indications for sulfonylureas?

A

T2DM

Ex. Glyburide (dia beta), glipizide (glucatrol)

20
Q

What are the SE of sulfonylureas?

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, nausea

21
Q

What is the MOA for thiazolidinediones?

A

Sensitize peripheral tissues to insulin, PPAR-gamma, decrease hepatic glucose output

22
Q

What are the indications for thiazolidinediones?

A

T2DM

Ex. Rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (actos)

23
Q

What are the SE for thiazolidinediones?

A

MI, angina, edema, macular edema, weight gain

24
Q

What is the MOA for GLP-1 receptor agonists?

A

Activates glucagon like peptide 1 receptor, increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying

25
Q

What are the indications for GLP-1 receptor agonists?

A

T2DM

Ex. Dulaglutide (trulicity), Liraglutide (Victoza)

26
Q

What are the side effects for GLP-1 receptor agonists?

A

N/V/D, pancreatitis (1/1000)

27
Q

What is the MOA for DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Inhibits the enzyme DPP-4 and prolongs action of GLP-1, increases insulin release, decreases glucagon levels

28
Q

What is the indication for DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

T2DM

Ex. Sitagliptin (Januvia), Linagliptin (Tradjenta)

29
Q

What are the SE for DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

URI, HA, diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgias

30
Q

What is the MOA for SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Inhibits glucose reabsorption in proximal tubules in kidney, cause glucosuria, and thereby lowers glucose levels

31
Q

What are the indications for SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

T2DM

Ex. Dapaglifozin (farxiga) and empagliflozin (Jardiance)

32
Q

What are the SE for SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

Yeast infections, UTI, orthostatic hypotension, nausea, fatigue

ECOS III Final (14 decks)

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