Pulmonary Function and COPD

Question 1

what can cause a fixed obstruction?

Answer 1

circumferential tracheal stenosis from prior intubation or tumor

Question 2

what can cause variable intra-thoracic obstruction?

Answer 2

non-circumferential tumor above carina but still within thorax

Question 3

what can cause variable extra-thoracic obstruction?

Answer 3

vocal cord paralysis, upper airway edema following facial burns/inhalation or epiglottitis, should be considered a medical emergency

Question 4

treatment of mild intermittent asthma

Answer 4

FABA

Question 5

treatment of mild persistent asthma

Answer 5

low dose inhaled corticosteroids

Question 6

treatment of moderate persistent asthma

Answer 6

LD inhaled corticosteroids with long acting B-agonists (or leukotriene antagonist)

Question 7

treatment of severe persistent asthma

Answer 7

high dose inhaled corticosteroids with long acting B-agonists (or leukotriene antagonists) and possibly IgE antibodies

Question 8

short acting/fast onset B-agonists

Answer 8

metaproterenol, albuterol, epinephrine

Question 9

short acting/fast onset a-antagonists

Answer 9

ipratropium