Anatomy

Question 1

What innervates cricothyroid muscle

Answer 1

external laryngeal

Question 2

What is action of cricothyroid muscle

Answer 2

tenses vocal cords

Question 3

What innervates muscles of intrinsic larynx

Answer 3

inferior laryngeal except cricothyroid muscle

Question 4

What is action of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Answer 4

abducts vocal cords

Question 5

What is action of thyroarytenoid muscle

Answer 5

relaxes vocal cords, responsible for change in pitch, also known as vocalis muscle

Question 6

What is action of aryepiglottic muscle

Answer 6

closes the vestibule, prevents food from entering trachea

Question 7

Which intrinsic muscles of larynx are continuous

Answer 7

oblique arytenoid and aryepiglottic

Question 8

Carries sensory info from conus elasticus

Answer 8

inferior laryngeal

Question 9

Carries sensory info from quadrangular membrane

Answer 9

internal laryngeal

Question 10

motor neuron to cricothyroid and inferior constrictor

Answer 10

external laryngeal

Question 11

pyriform aperture stenosis

Answer 11

narrow opening of nose due to overgrowth of maxilla, congenital defect requiring surgery

Question 12

which arteries supply blood to the lateral wall

Answer 12

ophthalamic (internal carotid) and maxillary (external carotid)

Question 13

Kiesselbach’s plexus

Answer 13

anastomoses between arteries of septum: sphenopalantine, greater palantine, and superior labial

Question 14

sensory nerves from mucous membranes

Answer 14

maxillary and ophthamalic- branches of trigeminal (CN 5)

Question 15

preganglionic parasympathetics to nose

Answer 15

greater petrosal nerve (from facial, CN 7), mucous membrane secretion in nose, nasopharynx, hard and soft palates

Question 16

postganglionic sympathetics to nose

Answer 16

deep petrosal nerve (from internal carotid n.), innervates VSMC

Question 17

drains into middle meatus

Answer 17

frontal, anterior ethmoid, middle ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

Question 18

drains into superior meatus

Answer 18

posterior ethmoid sinus

Question 19

drains into inferior meatus

Answer 19

nasolacrimal duct

Question 20

drains into sphenoethmoid recess

Answer 20

sphenoid sinus

Question 21

boundaries and sensory innervation of nasopharynx

Answer 21

nasal cavity, hard and soft palates

maxillary n. (branch of CN 5)

Question 22

boundaries and sensory innervation of oropharynx

Answer 22

oral cavity

glossopharyngeal n. (CN 9)

Question 23

boundaries and sensory innervation of laryngopharynx

Answer 23

epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

vagus n. (CN 10)

Question 24

what connects nasopharynx with middle ear?

Answer 24

eustachian tube/ pharygotympanic tube

Question 25

what are the 3 MALTs and where do they drain?

Answer 25

pharyngeal (adenoids), palantine (tonsils), lingual
jugulodigastric LN (part of deep cervical LN)

Question 26

VATER

Answer 26

vertebral defects
anal atresia
trachesophageal fistula
renal defects and radial forearm anomalies

Question 27

VACTERL

Answer 27

verterbral defects
anal atresia
cardiovascular defects
trachesophageal fistula
renal defects
limb defects

Question 28

Which muscles adduct vocal ligaments

Answer 28

transverse arytenoid and oblique arytenoid

Question 29

embryonic state

Answer 29

weeks 3-6

development up to tertiary segments

Question 30

pseudoglandular period

Answer 30

weeks 6-18

development thru terminal bronchioles

Question 31

canalicular period

Answer 31

weeks 16-26

development of respiratory bronchioles

Question 32

saccular period

Answer 32

weeks 26- birth

development of primordial alveoli, type I and II pneumocytes

Question 33

alveolar period

Answer 33

week 32- 3 years

alveolar ducts and sacs that mature after birth