PULMONARY EMERGENCIES Flashcards
thrombotic or non-thrombotic embolus that lodges in the pulmonary artery system
pulmonary embolism
what are the non-thrombotic embolus that can lodge in the pulmonary artery system?
fat
plaque
air
amniotic fluid
how does PE damages the lungs?
embolus restricts blood flow to the lungs
what are the s/sx present in virchow’s triad?
endothelial injury
stasis of blood
hypercoagulability
what are conditions that can trigger PE?
injury to BV
immobility
DVT
surgery
why is chest pain present in PE?
there is low O2 in the lungs
why is tachycardia and tachypnea present in PE?
acts as compensatory mechanism to increase blood flow to increase oxygen in the lungs
why is there anxiety, restlessness in PE?
low O2 in brain
why is there clammy or bluish skin in PE?
skin is giving up blood supply to supply vital organs
what part of the body is the first to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?
skin - pallor, cyanosis, cold, clammy skin
what part of the body is the second to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?
GIT - constipation
what part of the body is the third to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?
kidneys - oliguria/anuria
what part of the body is the fourth to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?
heart - chest pain (?)
what part of the body is the last to give out blood supply and what is the manifestation?
brain - altered LOC (?)
most definitive dx test for PE
x-ray
what can be seen in the CXR in PE?
white strictures in part of the lung
what should you do first before getting ABG?
allen’s test
what does d-dimer test detct?
clot fragments
why do we perform ECG in PE?
to rule out MI
priority nursing intervention for PE
oxygenation
why is heparin therapy being administered to PE patients?
to prevent additional clot formation
surgery for PE
umbrella filter - to get the clot
pulmonary embolectomy - remove embolus
how to prevent DVT?
early ambulation
walking
compression stockings
a syndrome with inflammation and increased permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane
acute respiratory distress syndrome
ARDS is fatal if left untreated for how many hrs?
48 hrs
ARDS can be caused by two reasons injuring the lungs
indirect
direct
this phase in ARDS occurs 24hrs after the injury
exudative phase
hallmark or exudative phase
hypoxemia
this phase in ARDS occurs 2 weeks after the injury
proliferative phase
this phase in ARDS occurs 3 weeks after the injury
fibrotic phase
why is there hyperventilation in ARDS?
to remove CO2
what is hypoxemia?
low O2 in blood
BP’s function
tissue perfusion
hallmark of ARDS
white out lungs
most definitive dx test for ARDS
CXR
priority management in ARDS
oxygenation
why do we give corticosteroids in ARDS?
to reduce inflammation
what is the first thing to give during hypotension?
fluids
why do we give fluids first to improve tissue perfusion?
inc. BV - inc. preload - inc. CO - inc. BP
BP = HR X SV X TPR
rationale for enteral feedings in ARDS
per orem increases risk of aspiration since px has DOB
