ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES Flashcards
DKA is complication of what type of DM?
type 1
what is present in DKA that is not present in HHS?
ketones
byproduct of fats is
ketones
why is ketones dangerous?
because it can make the blood acidic that can cross the BBB
pathophysio of DKA
liver uses as source of energy which causes ketones
a serious metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus type 2
hyperglycemic hyperosmotic syndrome
former name of HHS
HHNK - hyperglycemic hyperosmotic non-ketotic
onset of DKA
sudden
onset of HHS
gradual
triggers for DKA
infection
other stressors
inadequate/incompliance with insulin therapy
triggers for HHS
infection
other stressors
dehydration
manifestations of DKA
ketosis
kussmaul’s respirations
fruity breath
nausea
abdominal pain
manifestations of HHS mainly due to cerebral edema
neuro symptoms
which complication of DM is more dehydrated?
HHS
serum pH of DKA
acidic - less than 3.5
serum pH of HHS
alkaline - greater than 7.4
why does BUN and crea increases during DKA or HHS?
due to dehydration
can high fat foods be given during hypoglycemia?
no, slow digestion/absorption
drug class that causes hypoglycemia
beta blockers
myxedema coma is a complication of what disease?
hypothyroidism
autoimmune disease that cause hypothyroidism
hashimoto’s disease
hypothyroidism in children
cretinism
hypothyroidism in adult
myxedema
rare but serious disorder results from persistently low thyroid production
myxedema coma
hallmark of hypothyroidism
cold intolerance
priority in myxedema coma
airway
acute and life-threatening condition in clients with uncontrollable hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
if px with hyperthyroidism has goiter, can we perform surgery?
yes, administer lugol’s solution prior to surgery to normalize t3 and t4
how many days can t3 and t4 normalize after lugol’s solution?
7 days
priority in hyperthyroidism
airway
antithyroid medications for thyroid storm
PTU
why is high dose iodides recommended for thyroid storm?
to trigger negative feedback mechanism
