pulmonary embolism Flashcards
1
Q
what are the symptoms of PE?
A
- acute dyspnoea
- pleuritic chest pain
- haemoptosis
- syncope
2
Q
what are the signs of PE?
A
- cyanosis
- raised JVP
- pleural rub
- pleural effusion
- tachypnoaic
- tachycardic
3
Q
what should you look for if you suspect a PE?
A
- look for signs of DVT
4
Q
when should you perform a d-dimer?
A
when a high probability they dont have a PE- exclude cause
5
Q
does a positive test prove a PE?
A
no
6
Q
what investigations are done to diagnose PE?
A
- wells score: looks at probability
- CT pulmonary angiography -1st line
- leg ultrasound
7
Q
what is atypical causes of PE?
A
right ventricular thrombus (post MI)
septic embolus from IE
neoplastic cells
8
Q
what are the treatments for PE?
A
- LMWH
- alteplase if massive embolus
- warfarin
9
Q
which drug is given for prevention of a PE?
A
heparin- dalteparin
10
Q
when should LMWH be stopped?
A
when INR >2
11
Q
where does the embolus wedge?
A
into one of pulmonary artery ( not bronchi!)
12
Q
what signs are observed in a massive PE?
A
- gallop rhytmn
- right ventricular heave
- split 2nd heart sound
- raised JVP
13
Q
what is the classical presentation?
A
- 10 days post op whilst straining to stool
14
Q
what would the ECG should in a massive PE?
A
- sinus tachycardia
15
Q
what would the ECG should?
A
type 1 resp failure
