Pulmonary Effusion Flashcards
1
Q
Signs
A
Asymmetrical chest expansion Tracheal deviation away from effusion Stony dullness Absent tactile fremitus Reduced breath sounds
2
Q
Signs for underlying cause
A
Cancer: clubbing, lymphadenopathy, mastectomy (breast cancer common cause)
CCF: raised JVP
CLD: leuconychia, spider naevi, gynaecomastia
CKD: AV fistula
CTD: rheumatoid hands, SLE butterfly rash
3
Q
Causes of dull lung base
A
Consolidation Collapse Pleural thickening Pleural effusion Previous lobectomy Raised hemidiaphragm
4
Q
Definition + causes of transudate
A
<30g/l
CCF
CRF
CLF
5
Q
Definition + causes of an exudate
A
>30g/l Malignancy primary or secondary Infection Infarction Inflammatory: RA or SLE
6
Q
Diagnosis of effusion as empyema
A
Aspirated fluid glucose low and pH<7.2
7
Q
Definition of empyema
A
A collection of pus in the pleural space
8
Q
Empyema associated with?
A
Bronchial obstruction e.g. Carcinoma
Poor dentition
Alcohol dependance
9
Q
Tx of empyema
A
Drainage
IV Abx
Surgical decortication
