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Pulmonary PT > Pulmonary dysfunction > Flashcards

Pulmonary dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

what is different about bacterial vs viral PNA?

A

bacterial has :

  • chest pain
  • tachypnea
  • increased WBCs
  • productive cough
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2
Q

how is aspiration PNA caused?

A

aspirated material causes an acute inflammatory reaction within the lungs

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3
Q

TB is spread via..

A

aerosolized droplets from an untreated infected host

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4
Q

how many weeks must the host be on anti TB drugs to be rendered noninfectious?

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

DURING THE INFECTION STAGE of TB, what must be the precautions?

A

pt isolated in a NEG PRESSURE ROOM

  • anyone entering must wear a MASK
  • IF the pt leaves the room, must wear a mask
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6
Q

PCP (pneumocystis pneumonis) is ..

A

pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in immunocompromised hosts (ie post transplant/HIV +)
-involves SOB, crackles, weakness, fever, CXR shows infiltrates

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7
Q

SARS blood counts will be..

A

decr WBCs/platelets/lymphocytes

-INCR LIVER FXN TESTS

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8
Q

what happens to the chest wall during COPD?

A

AP diameter increases

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9
Q

what is asthma?

A

increased REACTIVITY of the trachea and bronchi to various stim
-involves widespread narrowing of the airways due to inflammation, smooth ms constriction, and incr secretions

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10
Q

what is the PaCO2 level in an asthmatic?

A

HYPOcapnea - increased RR so not enough O2 or CO2

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11
Q

is CF obstructive or restrictive?

-what is involved?

A

could be EITHER or mixed

-thickening of secretions of ALL exocrine glands

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12
Q

what is bronchiectasis?

A

can be congenital or acquired

-abnormal dilation of the bronchi AND excessive sputum production

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13
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

occurs in PREMIES

  • collapse of alveoli 2/2 lack of surfectant
  • MUST CAREFULLY WEIGH BENEFITS OF PT VS INCREASED BREATHING EFFORT CAUSED BY HANDLING PREMIE*
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14
Q

What is a common result of RDS?

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia
-obstructive; 2/2 high pressures of MV or high fractions of FiO2 and/or infections
LUNGS show: pulmonary immaturity and dysfxn 2/2 HYPERINFLATION

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15
Q

there are 3 reasons for restrictive pulmonary disease:

A

alterations in :

  1. bony thorax
  2. neuroms apparatus
  3. lung parenchyma & pleura
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16
Q

arthrogryposis may result in what type of respiratory disease ? and why?

A

RESTRICTIVE - 2/2 restricted motion of chest wall/motion of bony thorax

17
Q

what aspects of PFTs are affected in restrictive disease 2/2 neuroms apparatus alterations?

A

reduced vital capacity & TLC

18
Q

if a patient has bronchogenic carcinoma, where is the tumor? and what are the PT considerations for this?

A

tumor in the bronchial mucosa

  • PNA that develops behind a COMPLETELY OBSTRUCTED BRONCHUS CANNOT BE TREATED W PT TECHNIQUES; HOLD tx until palliative tx shrinks tumor
  • could also have increased risk of FX 2/2 thoracic bone metastasis w chest compressive maneuvers/coughing
19
Q

pneumothorax means..

A

air in pleaural space

20
Q

where does the trachea/mediastinal shift in a pneumothorax?

A

AWAY from the injured side

21
Q

hemothorax means..

A

blood in pleural space

22
Q

how can you determine hemo vs pneurmothorax via physical exam?

A

pneumothorax has tymphany with medial percussion

23
Q

if someone suffers blunt trauma to the chest and experiences hemoptysis, you can suspect..

A

possible LUNG CONTUSION with or without rib fx

24
Q

if pulmonary edema is cardiogenic, what will they present like?

A

peripheral edema will be present

25
Q

If a pt has a PE, their Ve/Q ratio..

A

will be HIGH Ve&raquo_space; Q b/c perfusion low

26
Q

what is a pleural effusion?

A

excessive fluid b/t the visceral and parietal pleura (incr pleural permeability to protein )

27
Q

3 indications for postural drainage =

A
  1. incr pulmonary secretions
  2. aspiration
  3. atelectasis / collapse
28
Q

how long can you keep someone in ONE postural drainage position?

A

20 minutes (max)

29
Q

what is the trendelenburg position?

A

head of bed tipped down 15 - 18 deg

30
Q

what is the precaution when doing percussion/postural drainage with a pregnant woman?

A

supine or trendelenburg compresses vena cava

31
Q

how long should percussions last?

A

3-5 minutes PER position

32
Q

how many shaking exhalations should be done?

A

5-10 (>10 risks hyperventilation)

33
Q

why is suctioning of secretions done intermittently? and how long should suctioning typically last/

A

intermittently to NOT damage trachea

-suction 10-15 seconds

Pulmonary PT (4 decks)

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