Pulmonary A&P

Question 1

where does the 2nd rib attach?

Answer 1

at the sternal angle

Question 2

the upper airways involves.

Answer 2

the nose/mouth –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea

Question 3

where does gas exchange in the lower airways take place?

Answer 3

the respiratory unit: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli (diffusion of gas takes place)

Question 4

the right lung has (#) lobes

Answer 4

3

Question 5

the primary ms of inspiration is the..

Answer 5

diaphragm

Question 6

what encompasses the outer surface of the lungs?

Answer 6

the visceral pleura

Question 7

what are the accessory ms of inhalation?

Answer 7

scalenes, SCM, levator costorum & serratus

Question 8

expiratory muscles are used when? and what are they?

Answer 8

if a quicker, more full expiration is desired

-QL, portions of the intercostals, ms of the abdomen and triangularis sterni

Question 9

what position puts teh diaphragm at an advantage for contraction (aka inspiration)?

Answer 9

supine

Question 10

if you are exhaling, what is the driving force to pull the lungs inward?

Answer 10

elastic recoil of the lung parenchyma

Question 11

the main driving force behind the outward pull of inspiration is the..

Answer 11

bony thorax

Question 12

what is teh REEP?

Answer 12

point of equilibrium where the forces of inpiration and expiration are balanced

Question 13

IRV =

Answer 13

volume of gas that can be inhaled AFTER a normal resting tidal inhalation

Question 14

residual volume is..

Answer 14

the volume of gas that remains the lungs AFTER the ERV

Question 15

FVC =

Answer 15

vital capacity (forced) : IRV + TV + ERV; amt of air under volitional control

Question 16

functional residual capacity is..

Answer 16

ERV + RV air that resides in lungs after a resting tidal exhalation

Question 17

FEV1 is normally what %?

Answer 17

70% of the FVC is exhaled in the FEV1

Question 18

FEV 25-75% is more specific to..

Answer 18

the smaller airways

Question 19

the PaO2 measures..

Answer 19

partial pressure of 02 in arterial blood

normally 95-100

req supplemental O2 if PaO2 <55 mmHg

Question 20

if PaCO2 increases, what happens to the pH of the blood?

Answer 20

decreases (more acidic)

Question 21

if the HCO3 increases in blood, the pH of the body..

Answer 21

increases (more basic)

Question 22

the apical aspect of the lung has more air or blood in an upright position?

Answer 22

more air VE > Q (VE/Q ratio is high)

dead space

Question 23

what is the “shunt” in the lungs? where is it normally?

Answer 23

wherever the VE/Q ratio is low aka more blood perfusion vs air; gravity dependent (lung bases when sitting upright0

Question 24

typical respiratory rate =

Answer 24

12-20 bpm

Question 25

peripheral edema and jugular venous distension indicates possible..

Answer 25

heart failure

Question 26

tidal volume in a healthy adult is.

Answer 26

500 mL